Biological pollution of industrial infrastructure with invasive mussel - review

Abstract

Onečišćenje okoliša može biti prirodnog ili antropogenog porijekla, a unutar navedenog postoji i biološko. Uzročnici biološkog onečišćenja su invazivne vrste koje svojim razmnožavanjem i rastom negativno djeluju na prirodni ekosustav. U ovu skupinu se ubraja i školjka raznolika trokutnjača (lat. Dreissena polymorpha). Otkrivena je 1796. godine u rijekama Uralu, Volgi i Dnjepru. Prirodno stanište su joj područja središnje i istočne Europe, te neke države u Aziji. S tih lokacija proširila se (plovnim prometom, pražnjenjem balastnih voda) u ostatak Europe te do Sjeverne Amerike. Osim štetnog djelovanja po prirodni ekosustav, uočeno je i štetno djelovanje na industrijsku infrastrukturu. U radu je opisana školjka te je dan pregled raznih studija kroz koja su ispitana djelovanja različitih kemijskih spojeva na raznoliku trokutnjaču (u vidu sprječavanja reprodukcije te smrtnosti). Pokazalo se kako su školjke veoma otporne te kako se brzo mogu prilagoditi i steći imunost. Najučinkovitiji načini u suzbijanju uzrokovanja ekonomske štete u industrijskim postrojenjima su kloriranje vode, zagrijavanje vode uz istovremeno korištenje oksidansa te korištenje bakrenih cijevi ili pobakrivanje čeličnih cijevi. Dan je i osvrt na istraživanje provedeno s ciljem utvrđivanja utjecaja nonilfenola i hipoksije na reprodukciju i smrtnost te na nove metode koje su još uvijek u razvoju.Environmental pollution can be of natural or anthropogenic origin, and within the specified there is also biological pollution. The causes of biological pollution are invasive species that with the propagation and growth affect the natural ecosystem. This includes Zebra mussel (lat. Dreissena polymorpha). Zebra mussel was discovered in 1796 in the rivers of the Urals, the Volga and the Dnieper. Natural habitat are areas of Central and Eastern Europe, and some Asian countries. From these locations, Zebra mussel has spread (waterway transport, discharge of ballast water) through the rest of the Europe and to the North America. In addition to its harmful effects on the natural ecosystem adverse effect on the industrial infrastructure have also been observed. In this paper Zebra mussel was described and an overview of the several studies about the effects of various chemical compounds on the inhibition of reproduction as well as their mortality was given. The mussels are durable and can quickly adapt and acquire immunity. The most effective ways to suppress economic damage in industrial plants are chlorination of water, heating the water in a presence of the oxidant and the use of copper pipes or coppering of steel pipes. The survey conducted in order to explore the impact of nonylphenol and hypoxia on reproduction and mortality, and the new methods that are still in development are given