Analiza razlike u društvenim koristima od ulaganja u prometnu infrastrukturu na primjeru zemalja članica EU : Diplomski rad

Abstract

U literaturi postoje brojni radovi koji definiraju učinke infrastrukturnih ulaganja bilo oni ekonomski ili društveni. Veliki broj država svijeta nastoji ulagati u vlastitu infrastrukturu bilo da se ona financira iz državnog proračuna ili vanjskim zaduživanjem. Međutim, veliki broj infrastrukturnih investicija je proveden bez prethodno definiranih ciljeva, ispitanih potreba i povoljnog institucionalnog okruženja što dovodi do različitih rezultata ulaganja a sukladno tome i potrebi za procjenjivanjem efikasnosti odnosno efektivnosti. Ovaj rad analizira efektivnost ulaganja cestovne infrastrukture u uzorku od 24 zemlje članice Europske unije te definira utjecaj institucionalnog okvira te kvalitetu institucija kao važan čimbenik koji utječe na efektivnost ulaganja. Primjena DEA metodologije donosi do zaključka kako ne postoji razlika u efektivnosti ulaganja u cestovnu infrastrukturu obzirom na gospodarski stupanj razvoja zemlje. Navedena efektivnost odražava društvene koristi od ulaganja u infrastrukturu kojih je, uz sigurnije ceste i ekološku komponentu, mnogo. U radu se nadalje analizira i utjecaj kvalitete institucija na efektivnost ulaganja u cestovnu infrastrukturu. Dokazano je da postoji razlika u efektivnosti ulaganja obzirom na institucionalni okvir i institucionalno okruženje. Kao takvo, infrastrukturno ulaganje je podložno brojnim interesnim skupinama te je stoga upitnost rezultata opravdana. Naši rezultati sugeriraju da povećana javna ulaganja u prometnu infrastrukturu dovode do učinkovitijih rezultata. Međutim, to samo po sebi nije dovoljno u slučaju da se ne ispunjavaju uvjeti kvalitetnog institucionalnog okruženja. To naglašava potrebu da zemlje usvoje politike za smanjenje korupcije javnog sektora i poboljšaju sposobnost javne uprave. Iako to nije lak zadatak, treba biti prioritet ako zemlje žele imati koristi od učinka promicanja rasta prometnih infrastruktura i javnih ulaganja općenito.There are numerous papers in the literature that define the effects of infrastructure investments whether economic or social. A large number of countries in the world are trying to invest in their own infrastructure whether it is funded from the state budget or external borrowing. However, a large number of infrastructure investments have been carried out without predefined goals, needs and a favorable institutional environment, which gives different investment results and, accordingly, the need to evaluate efficiency or effectiveness. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of road infrastructure investment in a sample of 24 EU Member States and defines the impact of the institutional framework and the quality of the institutions as an important factor influencing the effectiveness of investment. The application of the DEA methodology leads to the conclusion that there is no difference in the effectiveness of road infrastructure investment with regard to the economic development of the country. This efficiency reflects the social benefits of infrastructure investment, with much more than secure road and ecological component. The paper also analyzes the impact of the quality of institutions on the effectiveness of investment in road infrastructure. There is evidence that there is a difference in investment effectiveness with regard to the institutional framework and the institutional environment. As such, infrastructure investment is subject to numerous interest groups and hence the questioning of results is justified. Our results suggest that increased public investment in transport infrastructure leads to more effective results. However, this is not sufficient in itself if the quality of institutions is not fulfilled. This highlights the need for countries to adopt policies to reduce public sector corruption and improve the capacity of public administration. Although it is not an easy task, it should be a priority if countries want to benefit from the effect of promoting the growth of transport infrastructure and public investment in general