Uloga kvalitete obiteljskih interakcija u objašnjenju anksioznosti i depresivnosti učenika

Abstract

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos između kvalitete obiteljskih interakcija te anksioznosti i depresivnosti učenika i učenica četvrtih i sedmih razreda osnovne škole. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 205 osnovnoškolaca, od čega 98 učenika i 107 učenica. Korišten je upitnik općih podataka koji se sastojao od nekoliko pitanja kojima su prikupljeni podaci o razredu, spolu, općem uspjehu te ocjenama iz Hrvatskog jezika i Matematike na kraju prošle školske godine. Pored upitnika općih podataka, primijenjeni su i: SDD – Skala depresivnosti za djecu i adolescente (Vulić-Prtorić, 2003), SKAD-62 – Podskala ispitne anksioznosti (Vulić-Prtorić, 2004) i Skala kvalitete obiteljskih interakcija – KOBI (Vulić-Prtorić, 2002). Pomoću instrumenata se mjerila depresivnost u djetinjstvu i adolescenciji, ispitna anksioznost, kvaliteta interakcija s majkom i ocem te opća procjena zadovoljstva obitelji. Što se tiče depresivnosti i ispitne anksioznosti, istraživanje je pokazalo kako su stariji učenici u prosjeku depresivniji i anksiozniji u odnosu na mlađe. Međutim, porast u depresivnosti se može pripisati jedino učenicama, dok je kod učenika depresivnost relativno stabilna, bez obzira na dob, a slično vrijedi i za ispitnu anksioznost. Rezultati su pokazali kako opće zadovoljstvo obitelji te interakciju s majkom i ocem u prosjeku većim procjenjuju učenici četvrtih razreda u odnosu na učenike sedmih razreda. Djevojčice pritom procjenjuju majku kao više prihvaćajuću, a dječaci oca. Odbacivanje majke se ne razlikuje s obzirom na spol, dok je za oca ono izraženije kod dječaka nego djevojčica. Odbacivanje majke i nisko prihvaćanje oca prediktivni su za depresivnost. Iste su varijable prediktivne i za ispitnu anksioznost uz varijablu dobi pri čemu su mlađi učenici manje ispitno anksiozni.The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between the quality of family interactions and test anxiety and depression in the 4th and 7th grade primary school pupils. The research was conducted on a total of 205 pupils, 98 of which were male and 107 female. General data questionnaire was used to gather data on age, gender, GPA and grades in Croatian language and Mathematics at the end of the last academic year. Apart from the aforementioned basic information, several questionnaires were used to assess levels of depression and test anxiety, as well as quality of interactions within the family. Those were: “SDD” – The Scale of Depression for Children and Adolescents (Vulić-Prtorić, 2003), “SKAD-62” – The Subscale for Test Anxiety (Vulić-Prtorić, 2004), and “KOBI” – Scale of Interaction Quality within the Family (Vulić-Prtorić, 2002). Results have shown that older pupils were generally more depressed and anxious compared to the younger ones. However, the increasein depression is only applicable to the female pupils, whereas in male pupils, the level of depression was generally stable, regardless of age. A similar principle applies to test anxiety. The results have shown that the overall satisfaction with family, as well as the quality of interaction with mother and father was assessed higher in fourth graders, compared to seventh graders. Furthermore, female pupils assessed the mother as more accepting, whereas male pupils assessed the father as more accepting than girls did. Maternal rejection was independent of gender, but paternal rejection was more prominent in boys, compared to girls. Finally, higher maternal rejection and lower paternal acceptance were predictive of depression. Similar results were obtained for test anxiety that could also be predicted by age with younger pupils expressing lower test anxiety