Development of smart cities in Japan

Abstract

Pametni gradovi mogu se razmatrati kao sustav ljudi koji koriste tokove energije, materijala, usluga i financija da bi katalizirali održivi razvoj, otpornost i visoku kvalitetu života. Takvi tokovi i interakcije postaju pametni kroz strategiju upotrebe informacija i komunikacijskih infrastruktura i usluga u procesu transparentnog urbanog planiranja i upravljanja. Japan se konstantno susreće s raznim elementarnim nepogodama koje u neku ruku otežavaju razvoj gradova, dok u drugu predstavljaju izazov japanskom narodu da bude bolji. Mnoga industrijska područja u Japanu dovela su do ogromnih zagađenja vode i zraka s kojima se kad tad trebalo suočiti. Također, nakon nuklearne katastrofe u Fukushimi i GEJE (engl. Great East Japan Earthquake) potresa, Japanci su bili prisiljeni početi razmišljati pametno da bi spasili svoju državu, kao i druge države od njihovog daljnjeg zagađivanja i da bi se suprotstavili budućim katastrofama. Danas su mnogi japanski gradovi relativno pametni jer se ulaže u infrastrukturu, a najviše u pametne električne mreže. Danas se u Japanu stvaraju Pametne zajednice (engl. Smart Community) koje predstavljaju novu generaciju socijalnog sustava kod kojeg je naglasak na energiju i zajednicu. Japanski Savez pametnih zajednica (engl. Japan Smart Community Alliance-JSCA) se sastoji od mnogobrojnih članova koje čine privatne tvrtke i organizacije, pa sve do velikih kompanija, fakulteta i lokalnih općina. Cilj Pametne zajednice je upravljanje ponudom i potražnjom energije, distribucijom, kao i optimizacija korištenja i načina primjene energije.Smart cities can be observed as a system of people who use energy flows, materials, services and finances to catalyze a sustainable development, resistance and high quality of life. These flows and interactions are turning smart through a strategy of using information and communication infrastructures in a transparent urban planning and management process. Japan is constantly encountering various natural disasters which in a way are slowing down the city development, but on the other hand they represent a challenge to all Japanese people to improve and become better. Many of the Japan`s industrial areas have caused enormous water and air pollution which needed to be dealt with. Also, after the GEJE (Great East Japan Earthquake) and the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the Japanese people were forced to start thinking smart to save their land and other countries from further pollution and to oppose future disasters. Today, many of the Japanese towns are considered relatively smart because investments are being made, some in the infrastructure, but mostly in the smart grids. These days Smart Communities are being build in Japan which represent a next generation of social system that puts emphasis on energy and community. JSCA (Japan Smart Community Alliance) consists of many members, such as private companies and organizations, as well as big corporations, universities and local townships. The aim of a Smart Community is management of energy supply and demand, distribution, as well as use of optimization and energy application