Linguistic (lexical) borrowing

Abstract

Prvo se u radu spominje jezično posuđivanje. Kako bi do njega došlo, moraju postojati jezik davaoc i jezik primaoc. Za posuđivanje postoje unutarjezični i izvanjezični razlozi. Razlikuju se tri tipa posuđivanja, a to su: izravno, posredno i kružno. Nakon toga, spominje se poglavlje o tipovima posuđivanja. Po Bloomfieldu, razlikuju se dva tipa posuđivanja, dok Clyne razlikuje sedam tipova. Nadalje, dolazimo do podjele posuđenica, i to prema jeziku iz kojega potječu te s obzirom na stupanj prilagođenosti hrvatskome jeziku. Prevedenice i značenjske posuđenice čine posebnu skupinu posuđenica. Iduće se poglavlje bavi načelima za preuzimanje riječi iz stranih jezika. Postoji sedam načela za preuzimanje kod kojih treba voditi računa o jezičnome purizmu. Što se tiče razina prilagodbi posuđenica, razlikuju se četiri razine te svaka ima svoje značajke. Nakon toga, govori se o anglizmima. Kazuje se i kako je engleski postao vrlo značajan i dominantan u razdoblju ovoga i krajem prošloga stoljeća. Na kraju, istraživanje se vrši na trima časopisima u potrazi za riječima engleskoga podrijetla.First we shall speak about lexical borrowing - process of adopting and incorporating words from the donor language into the recipient language. There are various causes of lexical borrowing, primarily external rather than internal ones. We can classify three types of lexical borrowing: direct, indirect and circular. After that, we discuss different types of borrowing. Bloomfield differentiates two, and Clyne proposes seven types of borrowing, respectively. Furthermore, we shall speak about linguistic classification according to the donor language and regarding the level of customization in the Croatian language. Translated words and semantic loanwords are part of a special group. The next paragraph speaks about principle of adopting words from another languages. There are seven principles of adopting in which linguistic purism and loyalty have to be considered. Regarding the customization level, there are four different types; each of them has got its own particular characteristics. We also talk about Anglicisms, i.e. loanwords from the English language, as well as about the meaning and dominance of the English language nowadays. Finally, the survey is based on three different magazines in the search for the words of English origin

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