Brüggemann, N.

Butterbach-Bahl, K.

Gasche, R.

Papen, H.

Thiel, S.

Willibald, G.

English

KITopen

IMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheNitroEurope IPThe nitrogen cycle and its influence on the European greenhouse gas balanceN. Brüggemann, R. Gasche, H. Papen, Stephan Thiel, Georg Willibald, K. Butterbach-BahlForschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)Institute of Meteorology and Climate ResearchAtmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU)Garmisch-PartenkirchenGermanyImpact of clear-cutting and selective cutting on the soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas exchange of an N-saturated spruce forest in the course of its conversion to a mixed deciduous forestIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheResearch questionHow do different forest conversion practices (clear cut, selective cutting) affect N cycling in an N-loaded spruce forest ecosystem?IMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheHöglwaldExperimental site: HöglwaldIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheSpruce controlSelective cutting 2000/2006Clear cut 2000Location of the different experimental sites in the HöglwaldIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheForest: Approx. 100-yr-old spruceElevation: 540 m.a.s.l.Mean annual temperature: 7.7 °CMean annual precipitation: 933 mmHumus type: Moder (~7 cm)Soil type: Typic Hapludalf (USGS)pH in CaCl2: < 3 (organic layer)< 4 (A horizon)Wet N deposition: ~30 kg (NH4+:NO3- = 2:1)Höglwald characteristicsIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of Karlsruhe2000Selective cutting ClearcutSpruce control57Control site without treatment (last thinning 1975)Area of 1 ha with selective cutting in 2000 and 2006 (removal of c. 20 % of the trees each time)Area of 1 ha, clear-cut in 2000 and planted with beechStart of the experiment: July 1999 (pre-treatment phase)Cutting: End of February 2000, 2006 Experimental areasIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheN input via throughfallClear-cutSelected cuttingControlTreatment12.210.411.514.822.024.517.424.225.625.920.930.1Average200220012000Huber et al. (2004), Plant and Soil 267, 23-40.NO3-2000 2001 2002kg N ha-1  yr-105101520NH4+2000 2001 2002kg N ha-1  yr-105101520ControlSelective cuttingClearcutAmmonium NitrateIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheNitrate in seepage waterHuber et al. (2004), Plant and Soil 267, 23-40.Nitrate concentrations in seepage water (40 cm depth) - enhanced under theclear-cut area in the firstand second year after thetreatment- lower in the third yearas compared to thecontrol and selectivecutting area.IMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheJul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan0501001502003004005002007Cutting   Spruce control Selective cutting ClearcutN2O emission [µg N m-2 h-1]20062005200420032002200120001999Soil N2O fluxes since July 1999IMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheJan Jul Jan Jul0501002003004005002007   Spruce control Selective cutting ClearcutN2O emission [µg N m-2 h-1]2006Soil N2O fluxes 2006 & 2007 Huge N2O emission during thawingIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheSoil temperature [°C]-10-8-6-4-2024Freeze-thaw effect 2006 Höglwald sprucedate2.1.06  16.1.06  30.1.06  13.2.06  27.2.06  N2O emission rate [µg N m-2 h-1]0100200300400500t_ol t_5cm t_10cm t_15cm t_20cm t_air IMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheJul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan Jul Jan-50-250252007   Spruce control Selective cutting ClearcutCH4 deposition [µg CH4 m-2 h-1]20062005200420032002200120001999 CH4 deposition [µg CH4 m-2 h-1]Soil CH4 fluxes since July 1999IMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheJan Jul Jan Jul-50-2502007   Spruce control Selective cutting ClearcutCH4 deposition [µg CH4 m-2 h-1]2006Soil CH4 fluxes 2006 & 2007 Methane emission during thawingIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheN2O fluxes: annual means1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Average yearly N2O emissions [kg N2O-N ha-1  a-1]012345control selective cuttingclearcut Jan-SepJul-DecIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheCH4 fluxes: annual means1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Average yearly CH4 flux [kg CH4-C ha-1  a-1]-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.0control selective cuttingclearcut Jan-SepJul-DecIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheSoil CO2 fluxesJan Mrz Mai Jul Sep Nov Jan Mrz Mai Jul Sep Nov Jan02040608010012014016018020020012000    Control Selective cutting ClearcutCO2 emission [mg C m-2 h-1]IMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheBacterial biomass C and N012345Bacterial biomass C  ClearcutSelectivecuttingControlmg C g-1 sdw Organic layer Ah horizon0.00.10.20.30.4Biomass NClearcutSelectivecuttingControl  mg N g-1 sdw Organic layer Ah horizon1999-2005 (n = 25, fumigation-extraction)IMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheFunctional groups of microbes involved in N turnover0200400600800100002004006008001000% of CFU of controlChemoautotrophic nitrite oxidizers   Organic layer Ah horizon050100150200250300050100150200250300Denitrifying bacteria   ClearcutSelective cuttingControl% of CFU of control Organic layer Ah horizon050100150200ClearcutSelective cuttingControl  % of Colony Forminng Units (CFU) of control050100150200Aerobic Heterotrophic Nitrifyers   Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacteria Organic layer Ah horizon1999-2005 (n = 25)Aer i  h terotrophic bacteria Chemoaut hic nitrite oxidizersic heterotrophic nitrifiers Denitrif i g bacteriaIMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheCalculated greenhouse gas budgets of forest conversion over a period of 80 yearsyears after first treatment0 20 40 60 80NEE [kg CO2-C ha-1  a-1]-3000-2000-100001000 ClearcutSelective cuttingCO2years after first treatment 0 20 40 60 80N2O emission [kg CO2-C equiv. ha-1  a-1]0100200300400500ClearcutSelective cuttingN2Oyears after first treatment0 20 40 60 80CH4 flux [kg CO2-C equiv. ha-1  a-1]-50-40-30-20-100ClearcutSelective cuttingCH4years after first treatment0 20 40 60 80Total greenhouse gas exchange[kg CO2-C equiv. ha-1  a-1]-3000-2000-1000010002000ClearcutSelective cuttingSum of CO2, N2O and CH4Papen & Brüggemann, 2006IMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheCO2-C equivalents in 80 years [t CO2-C equivalents ha-1 ] -80-60-40-2002040ClearcutSelective cuttingCH4CO2 N2O Total-35 % -24 %Calculated total greenhouse gas budget of forest conversion over a period of 80 yearsPapen & Brüggemann, 2006IMK-IFU Garmisch-PartenkirchenNitroEurope Open Science Conference Gent, February 20-21, 2008KIT – a Cooperation betweenKarlsruhe Research Centerand University of KarlsruheConclusionsIn contrast to selective cutting, clearcut led toa strong increase of nitrate leaching for 2 years,an enormous increase of soil N2O emissions for 4 years,a strong decrease in CH4 uptake for at least 8 years,an offset of the total greenhouse gas budget of the forest of 9% morethan selective cutting over the course of 80 yrs,in an N-saturated spruce forest ecosystem in Central Europe.

Impact of clear-cutting and selective cutting on the soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas exchange of an N-saturated spruce forest in the course of its conversion to a mixed deciduous forest

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/230072005/3815230

Impact of clear-cutting and selective cutting on the soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas exchange of an N-saturated spruce forest in the course of its conversion to a mixed deciduous forest

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