Bardossy, A.

Colditz, R.R.

Conrad, C.

Kunstmann, H.

Wagner, S.

Colditz, R. R.

KITopen

1 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)HS45: Modelling and observation of hydrological and biological processes in West AfricaWater balance simulations in a poorly gauged basin using different meteorological and land surface data sourcesS. Wagner1), H. Kunstmann1), A.Bárdossy2), C. Conrad3)1) Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU),Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany 2) Institute for Hydraulic Engineering, University Stuttgart, Germany 3) Institute for Geography, University Wuerzburg, Germany2 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Motivation• Sustainable water management strategies require hydrological modelingto  quantify the spatial and temporal changes of water balance• What are the current natural water stocks and -fluxes in the catchment?Near-real time distributed estimation of natural water balance? support irrigation, water supply, hydro power strategies? Hydrological models require meteorological input data ? Problem in poorly gauged basins: Meteorological observations are not or insufficient available ( + DELAY)? Used available data sources in this study:now near real time (48h)>1year>1monthMet. Model TRMM Observationstime3 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Model Based Water Balance SystemHydrol. Model Meteorological InputModel-based MonitoringTerrestrial Water BalanceSurface Runoff [m³/s] Soil mositure [%]Evapotranspiration [mm/a]1) near real time: met. model2) 1 month delay: TRMM 3) 1a delay: observations•Orography•Land Use•Soil Properties•Aquifer Properties•Flownet Structure4 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Research area: White Volta / West Africa• 94000 km²• upstream of Lake Volta• flat topography  • semiarid climate• rainy season: May - October • dry season: November – April • dominant agro-ecol. zones:    Guinea & Sudan Savanna encarta world atlas5 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Meteorological Model (near real time)1. Mesoscale Meteorological Model MM5 (Penn State/NCAR)Characteristics:• Non-hydrostatic dynamics• Multiple nesting capability • Four dimensional data assimilationSetup:• Global atmospheric fields: operational GFS–(NCEP) analysis• Dynamical  downscalingDomain1: 81 x 81 km²Domain2: 27 x 27 km²Domain3: 9 x  9 km²• Vertical resolution: 25 layers up to 30hPa• Period: 2004•Assimilation of radiosounding in domain 1• One-way nesting (D1→D2→D3)• Operational mode (http://www.glowa-volta.de): near real time hindcast!6 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)TRMM (1 month delay)2. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ? measuring sub-, tropical rainfall through microwave and visible infrared sensors  and precipitation radar? joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration  Agency (JAXA)? start 1997, orbit 400 km• 3B-42 Product: TRMM Merged HQ/Infrared Precipitation? 1. combination of microwave and infrared estimates ? 2. rescaled to match monthly rain gauge analysis (3B-43:GPCC)? 0.25°x0.25°, 3-h temporal resolution, 50°S to 50°N7 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)OBSERVATIONS 2004 (1 year delay)3. Observation data• 20 stations in Ghana:- Meteorological Service Ghana- GLOWA-Volta project• 2 Stations in Burkina: - GLOWA-Volta project8 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Results meteorological simulationsAnnual precipitation 2004 [mm]near real timeMM5D2: 27 x 27 km D3: 9 x 9 km1 month delayTRMM: scaled0.25°9 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Validation meteorological simulationsmonthly sums [mm]D2: TRMM:near real time 1 month delaysim [mm]obs[mm]sim [mm]obs[mm]D3: TRMM   un-scaled:sim [mm]obs[mm]sim [mm]obs[mm]10 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Application to hydrological simulations …11 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Distributed Hydrological ModelWater balance Simulation Model ETH: WaSiM-ETH (Schulla) Physically based algorithms for most process descriptions• Evapotranspiration: soil and vegetation specific (Monteith; Brutsaert) • Flow through unsaturated zone (Richards)• Suction head & hydraulic conductivity (van Genuchten) • Discharge routing: cinematic wave • 2-dim groundwater model dynamically coupled to unsaturated zoneSetup White Volta basin• spatial resolution: 1x1 km² • temporal resolution: daily• subdivision into sub-catchmentsBagré12 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Results hydrological simulations:Pwalugunear real time:MM5 output1 month delay:TRMMRain [mm]Discharge [m³/s]Rain [mm]Discharge [m³/s]13 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Results hydrological simulations: Pwalugunear real time: MM5 1 month: TRMMNash-Sutcliffe-coefficients:D2: 0.58D3: 0.70TRMM: -4.13Stations: 0.491 year: stationsRain [mm]Discharge [m³/s]14 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Water balance simulations using different land surface data sources• Hydrological modeling requires land surface parameters (LAI, albedo, roughness length …)• Standard literature values sometimes imprecise for specific areas• Satellite remote sensing provides worldwide spatially information on land surface properties (e.g. MODIS entire earth every 2 days) ? Use of satellite derived gridded land surface properties data in hydrological modeling ? Composites of Albedo (16 days)  and LAI (8 days) grids are analyzed, aggregated to monthly means,  and imported into hydrological model  example: LAI 15 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Albedo:standard literature vs. MODIS 2004Albedo 3 month-mean (MODIS)Apr-JunJan-MarStandard literatureAlbedo only depending on LU typeOct-Dec Jul-Sep16 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Albedo: annual differences: standard literature minus MODISETRStand - ETRMODIS [mm] QtotalStand - QtotalMODIS [mm] Total basin 6%Sub-Catchm. 0%   – +14%10 x 10 km -20%  – +30%Total basin: -2%Sub-Catchm. -2%  – 0%10 x 10 km -10%  – 5%17 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Leaf Area Index: standard literature vs. MODIS 2004standard literature LAI 3 month-mean (MODIS)Jan-Mar Oct-Decdry season:   Nov - Aprrainy season:   May - Oct Apr-Jun Jul-Sep18 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Leaf Area Index:annual differences: standard literature minus MODISTotal basin -0.2%Sub-Catchm. - 7% – +3% 10 x 10 km -15%  – +10%Total basin 3% Sub-Catchm. 0%   – +17% 10 x 10 km -10%  – +30%ETRStand - ETRMODIS [mm] QtotalStand - QtotalMODIS [mm] 19 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Summary• Assimilation of satellite derived land surface properties in hyd. modeling? local differences in spatial distribution of water balance variables  ? on sub-, catchment scale differences decrease• Using different meteorological input data ? near real time: regional meteorological model outputMM5 is able to provide met. input for hyd. sim. (CPU & storage intensive)   ? 1 month delay: TRMM 3B42for this study: no improvements compared to MM5 near real time? 1 year delay: Observations best performances? using TRMM & observations: further meteorological data are required ? selection of meteorological input depends on task (time!!) timenow near real time (48h)>1year>1monthMet. Model TRMM Observations20 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Thank you foryour attention !! 21 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)22 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)23 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Results hydrological simulations:Nawuni1 month: TRMMnear real time:MM51 year: observationsNash-Sutcliffe-coefficients:D2: -0.59D3: -0.11TRMM: -0.84Stations: 0.8224 | S. Wagner | Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) | 20.04.07KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)Results hydrological simulations: Nawuninear real time:MM5 output1 month delay:TRMM

Water balance simulations in a poorly gauged basin using different meteorological and land surface data sources

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/230073946/3815378

Water balance simulations in a poorly gauged basin using different meteorological and land surface data sources

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