Beekmann, M.

Curci, G.

Hauff, K.

Köble, R.

Seufert, G.

Smiatek, G.

Steinbrecher, R.

Theloke, J.

KITopen

1 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUNatural VOC Sources and its Contribution to Air Quality in Europehttp://natair.ier.uni-stuttgart.deRainer SteinbrecherGerhard Smiatek Gabriele CurciMathias BeekmannRenate KöbleGünther SeufertJochen ThelokeKarin HauffJuly 2000Daily O3-maxJJA-20002 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUNatural VOC Sources and its Contribution to Air Quality in EuropeOutlineMotivationModelling PlatformsUncertaintiesConclusionsNatural VOC, Surface Ozone and PM3 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUMotivationBiogenic VOC and Contribution to Climate ChangeVOC VOCClimate CoolingClimate Warming?Oxidation in the TroposhereOzone ParticlesH2O, O3, NOx, hνH2O, SO2,NH3, hν4 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUTools: BVOC Model Platform5 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUTools: BVOC Model PlatformLand use data6 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUTools: BVOC Model PlatformChemical Compound Split:¾ isoprene¾ monoterpenes:α-pinene, β-pinene, d-limonene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, camphene, Δ3-carene, myrcene, cymene, trans-β-ocimene, cis-β-ocimene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, sabinene, 1,8-cineol, α-thujene, linalool, ¾ Sesquiterpene: β-caryophyllen, ¾ oxyVOC:methanol, ethanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, formic acid, acetic acid.7 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUTools: Chemical Model PlatformThe Chimere Chemistry-Transport Model http://www.lmd.polytechnique.fr/chimere¾ METEO: MM5 forced by ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-RangeWeather Forecasts) analyses by nudging¾ DOMAIN: 0.5°x0.5°over Europe¾ EMISSIONS• Anthropogenic: gas and PM10 (EMEP), EC+OC (Lab. Aérologie)• Natural/bio: VOC and NO (NatAir), dust, sea salt, ¾ BOUNDARY COND.: climatology gas (LMDzINCA, coupled Climate-Chemistry Model) and aerosol (GOCART, Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport Model)¾ CHEMISTRY: full MELCHIOR (Derognat, 2003) (>80 species, >300 reactions, aerosols)8 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUBVOC Emissions vs. Anthro Emissions9 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUBVOC Emission Split and Annual Variations(Steinbrecher, Smiatek et al. 2008)10 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUBVOC Emission and Geographical Variation2000(Steinbrecher, Smiatek et al. 2008)11 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUBVOC Emission and Geographical VariationJuly 2000(Steinbrecher, Smiatek et al. 2008)12 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUBVOC Emission and Daily Variation1st to 10th July 200013 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUBiogenic VOC and the Atmosphere(Curci, Beekmann et al. 2008)NatAir Emissions and Air Quality in Europe in JJA 2003 with CHIMERE¾ Large impact in Southern Europe, in Portugal > 15 ppbv¾ Large impact also around major metropolitan areasAverage O3 daily max  AVOC emissions only+ BVOCΔO3 daily max + BVOC emissions + 2.8 ppbv (5%) over land 14 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUNatAir Emissions and Air Quality in Europe in 2003 with CHIMEREPM10 in the Atmosphere(Curci, Beekmann et al. 2008)¾ Large impact in Southern Europe, > anthropoginc PM10¾ Largly decoupled from anthropoginc PM10Anthropogenic PM10nat-PM10:+ 8 μg/m3 (40%)over landNatural/Bio PM10 15 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUPM10 in the Atmosphere(Curci, Beekmann et al. 2008)Fractional contribution of natural/bio sources to PM10 in 2003¾ PM10 sea salt up to 40% of PM10 at coastal sites.¾ Saharan dust >20% in Southern Europe.¾ Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA) <10%, except in Spain.Sea saltSaharan dustSoil erosionSOA16 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUPM10 in the Atmosphere(Curci, Beekmann et al. 2008)Simulation and Observation in Southern Spain (La Cartuja) in 2003 Very large contribution in Southern Spain: up to 35 μg/m3 (>80%) during summer due to SOA from BVOC oxidation17 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUOzone in the AtmosphereVery large episodic contribution of BVOC to hourly ozone: up to 100 μg/m3(~50 ppbv) for one extreme casein Spain during August 2003!Simulations vs. Observations18 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUUncertainties: O3 and PM10Simulations vs. ObservationsPerformances:against 2003 EMEP ground based measurements¾ O3: 1-h: bias +5 ppbv, RMSE 20 ppbv, correlation 0.75¾ PM10: 24-h: bias -0.3 μg/m3, RMSE 10 μg/m3,correlation 0.6519 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUUncertainties: TemperatureEuropean Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) project (http://eca.knmi.nl/)MAX TEMPTemperatures slightly underestimatedMAX generally better than MINMIN TEMPBIASCorrelation >0.8520 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUUncertainties: BVOC  EmissionModel inter-comparison: MEGAN (Guenther 2007), OLDBIO (Simpson et al. 1999)21 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUUncertainties: BVOC  EmissionModel inter-comparison: MEGAN (Guenther 2007), OLDBIO (Simpson et al. 1999); NatAir (this approach):Range for isoprene July 2003 modelling domain:1124 Gg (NatAir) – 1446 Gg (MEGAN)22 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUUncertainties: BVOC  EmissionModel inter-comparison: MEGAN (Guenther 2007), OLDBIO (Simpson et al. 1999); NatAir (this approach):Range for monoterpenes July 2003 modelling domain:338 Gg (MEGAN) – 1112 Gg (OLDBIO)23 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUUncertainties: BVOC  EmissionModel inter-comparison: MEGAN (Guenther 2007), OLDBIO (Simpson et al. 1999); NatAir (this approach):¾ For isoprene and monterpenes the uncertaintyfor the emission estimates based on different landuse schemes is + 500 Mg per grid cell(approx. 0.6 Mg per km2 per month)¾Which is in the order of the estimatedemission for some areas24 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUConclusions¾ The emission estimate presented may serve as an improved basis - despite the remaining uncertainties - forinvestigating the effect of biogenic emission on air qualityin a world of increasingly reduced anthropogenic VOC emissions due to the emission control directives adopted.¾ BVOC emissions may become even more important in regional air chemistry of the atmosphere in the future, as¾ not only higher temperatures result in higher VOC emissions, but also ¾ an increased land area of agro-forests with high VOC emitters, e.g. Eucalyptus, Poplar or palm trees planted forbuilding CO2 sinks and producing biomass for fuelproduction. 25 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUConclusions cont.Therefore further efforts are needed in:¾ improving the land use database by including more areas with plant species-specific information with high spatial resolution ¾ studying the impact of additional emission-modulating factors identified, e.g. CO2, ozone, drought, pests on the source strength and VOC species profile emitted.¾ validating and further improving emission models by flux studies in key ecosystems that also include economic plants (e.g. plants used in bio-fuel production).26 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUConclusions cont.¾ We evaluated the impact of natural/biogenic sources on O3 and PM10 using a regional CTM (CHIMERE) for the year 2003¾ The impact of BVOC on O3 is on average 2.8 ppbv(5%) for the summer 2003¾ The impact on PM10 of natural sources is on average 8 μg/m3 (40%) for the year the 200327 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUConclusions cont.¾ maximum impact of BVOC is observed in Southern Europe, particularly the Iberian Peninsula¾ „Bio-O3“ is coupled with anthropogenic NOx, while „bio-PM10“ is not¾ in the extremely hot summer of 2003 the impact of BVOC oxidation results in up to 100 ppbv O3 and 35 μg/m3 PM10 in SpainWill this be common during the 21st century?28 | R. Steinbrecher | IMK-IFU | 08.10.2008 | BioVOC and Air QualityKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH) IMK-IFUConclusion FinalFar better an approximate answer to the right question,which is often vague,than an exact answer to the wrong question,which can always be made precise.John W. Tukey, 1962In that sense:All the best and thank youfor listening

Natural VOC sources and its contribution to air quality in Europe

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/230075322/3815456

Natural VOC sources and its contribution to air quality in Europe

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