Cen, K.

Norra, S.

Schrader, S.

Schäfer, K.

Shao, L.Y.

Shen, R.R.

Suppan, P.

Vogel, B.

Vogel, H.

Wang, Y.

Shen, R. R.

Shao, L. Y.

KITopen

KIT – Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und nationales Forschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Measurements Outlook Model results Source apportionment studies on particulate matter in Beijing/China  K. Schäfer1, S. Schrader1,2, H. Vogel3, R. R. Shen1, L.Y. Shao4, S. Norra2, B. Vogel3, K. Cen5, Y. Wang6, P. Suppan1  1 Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany 2 Institute of Geography and Geoecology (IfGG) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany 3 Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Tropospheric Research (IMK-TRO) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany 4 Department of Resources and Earth Sciences at the China University of Mining and Technology (CUMTB), 100083 Beijing, P. R. China 5 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources at the China University of Geosciences (CUGB), 100083, Beijing, P.R. China  6 Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100029 Beijing, P.R. China  Spatio-temporal distribution of simulated mineral dust: • The duration of the dust event in Beijing was from the late evening of April 29th till May 1st  • The total dust mass concentrations in the lower atmosphere of Greater Beijing reached values     > 100 mg m-3 • The dust was raised up by strong winds   (> 15 m s-1) over the Gobi desert Problem & Motivation More than 15 million people in the greater area of Beijing are still suffering from severe air pollution levels caused by sources within the city itself but also from external impacts like severe dust storms and long range advection from the southern and central part of China.   Within this context particulate matter (PM) is the major air pollutant in the greater area of Beijing (Garland et al., 2009). PM did not serve only as lead substance for air quality levels and therefore for adverse health impact effects but also for a strong influence on the climate system by changing e.g. the radiative balance.. In order to discriminate the composition of the particulate matter levels, the different behavior of coarser and smaller particles investigations on source attribution, particle characteristics and external impacts on the PM levels of the city of Beijing by measurements and modeling are performed. • Source apportionment on the basis of organic compounds, EC, OC, carbon isotope • Integration of anthropogenic emissions in addition to the natural ones to quantify the contributions of each source category to PM2.5  and PM10 in Greater Beijing • Consideration of interactions between dust, radiation and cloud processes Annual course of concentrations of natural sources (Fe, Ti and Ba) in particulate matter. Highest concentrations during dust storm events, e.g. April 30th, 2011 Methodology Measurements • Particulate concentrations: Daily PM filter sampling on quartz fiber filters with 2 High-Volume Samplers DHA80 (Digitel) • Particle composition: Main and trace elements analyzed by PEDXRF (Polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence) • Period: One years episode from June 2010 to June 2011  Modeling • Meteorology: COSMO weather forecast model of the German Weather Service • Gases & Aerosols: simulation in ART (developed at KIT) of 80 gaseous species, 5 anthropogenic aerosol modes, mineral dust, sea salt and pollen  • Feedbacks: meteorology, aerosols, gas phase, dynamics, clouds • Period: 9-days episode from April 23rd to May 2nd, 2011 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 2010.06.21 2010.06.30 2010.07.09 2010.07.18 2010.07.27 2010.08.05 2010.08.17 2010.08.26 2010.09.04 2010.09.13 2010.09.22 2010.10.01 2010.10.10 2010.10.19 2010.10.28 2010.11.06 2010.11.15 2010.11.24 2010.12.03 2010.12.12 2010.12.21 2010.12.30 2011.01.08 2011.01.17 2011.01.26 2011.02.04 2011.02.13 2011.02.22 2011.03.03 2011.03.12 2011.03.21 2011.03.30 2011.04.08 2011.04.17 2011.04.26 2011.05.05 2011.05.14 2011.05.23 2011.06.01 2011.06.10 2011.06.19 concentration µg/m3 Fe Ti*10 Ba*50 Element Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3  PM 0.684 0.647 0.129 Fe 0.944 0.261 0.107 S 0.009 0.874 -0.009 K 0.620 0.653 0.097 Ca 0.885 0.218 0.124 Ti 0.954 0.040 0.117 Mn 0.843 0.417 0.137 Cr 0.520 0.514 -0.078 Ni 0.467 0.564 0.060 Zn 0.367 0.814 0.273 As 0.132 0.677 0.419 Sn 0.008 0.174 0.792 Sb 0.172 0.068 0.680 Ba 0.947 0.240 0.110 Pb 0.348 0.850 0.236 Source apportionment - Factor Analysis: Factor 1: Geogenic sources Factor 2: Fossil fuel combustion (oil and coal combustion) and waste incineration Factor 3: Brake wear Particle composition:  S, Zn and Pb refer to anthropogenic influences  - highest amount during haze days. Fe, Ti, Ca, Mn, Ba refer to geogenic sources -  highest amount during dust days. 0.00010.0010.010.1110Fe S K Ca Ti Mn Cr Ni Zn As Sn Sb Ba PbPercentage of PM2.5mass (%)Normal DaysDust DaysHaze DaysAcknowledgement This work was partly funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) and  the Helmholtz Graduate School for Climate and Environment (GRACE) at KIT See also poster on “Chemical composition of PM in a residential area of Beijing, China”  Main results: • The dust source is the Gobi desert in Inner Mongolia  • The mineral dust event at April 30th is reproduced by the model very well • Most of the dust is located near the surface with strong impact on air quality and the human health  Vertical profile of mineral dust: The simulated vertical profile shows that most of the dust is located near the ground Dust event on April 30th, 2011: The dust reached metropolitan Beijing during the night of April 29th to the early morning of April 30th  Impact of dust on local air quality: The dust caused a strong increase of PM10 mass concentrations [µg m-3] in the cities of Baoding, Xinglong, Tangshan and Xianghe located in the metropolitan region of Beijing Comparison of simulated PM10 (black line, dust only) and observed PM10 values (red line) for four stations in metropolitan Beijing Beijing Total atmospheric dust mass concentrations [mg m-3] – 30/04/2011 02:00 UTC 45 °N, 102 °E 36 °N, 122 °E 10 8 6 4 2 Latitude/Longitude [deg.] Beijing 

Source apportionment studies on particulate matter in Beijing/China

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/220094680/3816479

Source apportionment studies on particulate matter in Beijing/China

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