Armstrong, D.

Dafferner, B.

Heger, S.

Hoffmann, A.

Hoffmann, M.D.

Jäntsch, U.

Kübel, C.

Materna-Morris, E.

Reiser, J.

Rieth, M.

Rohde, M.

Scherer, T.

Widak, V.

Zimmermann, H.

Hoffmann, M. D.

KITopen

FUSIONKIT - EURATOM ASSOCIATIONKIT – The cooperation of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH and Universität Karlsruhe (TH)KARLSRUHE INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY, INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH Tungsten materials for structural divertor applicationsMichael Rieth1, Dave Armstrong2, Bernhard Dafferner1, Sylvia Heger1, Andreas Hoffmann3, Mirjam-Diana Hoffmann1, Ute Jäntsch1, Christian Kübel4, Edeltraud Materna-Morris1, Jens Reiser1, Magnus Rohde1,  Torsten Scherer4, Verena Widak1, Horst Zimmermann11Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Materials Research I, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany 2Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom 3PLANSEE Metall GmbH, Development Refractory Alloys, 6600 Reutte, Austria 4Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany IntroductionHelium cooled divertor designsMicrostructure of tungsten materialsRodsPlatesThermal and mechanical propertiesConclusionsOutlookM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps21st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Blanket: ≤150 dpa/5 yrs, 2.5 MW/m2Reduced activation ferritic-martensitic steels EUROFER (9Cr-WVTa) 350-550 C EUROFER-ODS 350-650 C Ferritic ODS steels 350-750 C ?He cooled structure, liquid lithium or lithium-ceramics for tritium breedingÆ ~85 % powerDivertor: ~30 dpa/2 yrs, 5-10 MW/m2Materials unknown, tungsten ?Operating temperature 350-1300 C ?Cooled tungsten shield to remove He and other particles from plasma  Æ ~15 % powerHigh Heat Flux ComponentsDEMOM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps31st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Tungsten & Helium, 5 MW/m² ConceptsÆK. Kleefeld, S. Gordeev, 2000Æ S. Hermsmeyer, K. Kleefeld, 2001M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps41st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Tungsten & Helium, 10 MW/m² ConceptsÆ P. Norajitra et al., 2003-200910 MW/m2FingerDivertor CassetteDome and structure(ODS RAFM)OutboardInboardDivertor target plates with modular thermal shield (W/W alloy)9-Finger ModuleHe600 C700 C10 MPaM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps51st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Tungsten & Helium, 5-10 MW/m² ConceptsÆ S. Hermsmeyer, S. Malang, 2002Æ T. Ihli, A. R. Raffrey, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, 2007ÆA. R. Raffrey, S. Malang et al., 2008M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps61st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Brittleness of tungsten (even without irradiation)Unsolved fabrication issues (e.g. joining)Heat flux 5-10 MW/m² Different conceptsOperating temperatures adaptable in a wide rangeFacts DrawbacksDivertor concepts based on W & Helium Æ pressurized pipes and/or cooling channelsÆ different cross-sectionsÆ fabricated from rods and/or platesÆ various jointsM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps71st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Fabrication of Half-finished ProductsRolling (or Swagging) of RodsM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps81st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Ø6,9 mm 91% Rolling Ø6,9 mm 91% Rolling Ø6,9 mm 94% Swaging Ø16 mm 91% RollingØ20 mm 93% Swaging Ø20 mm 93% Swaging Ø10 mm 81% Rolling Ø7 mm 91% Sw+RolMicrostructure AnisotropyRods: MetallographyM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps91st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.WL10 Rod, Ø7 mmlongitudinal transverseMicrostructure Anisotropy, ODS ParticlesRods: MetallographyM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps101st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.WL10 Rod, Ø7 mm W Rod, Ø7 mmMicrostructure AnisotropyRods: TEMM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps111st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Microstructure AnisotropyBundle of „Fibres“Bundle of „Fibres“Bundle of „Fibres“Bundle of „Fibres“Bundle of „Fibres“RodsM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps121st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Fabrication of Half-finished ProductsRolling of Plates Forging of Round BlanksM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps131st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Microstructure AnisotropyPlates: Metallographythickness 3.6 mm 91% thickness 3.6 mm 91%thickness 3.6 mm 91%M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps141st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Microstructure AnisotropyPlates: SEM / FIB channeling effectW WM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps151st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Microstructure AnisotropyRound Blanks: Metallography200 µm 200 µmWUltra high pure W WTa5M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps161st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Microstructure AnisotropyRound Blanks: EBSDWTa5M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps171st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Microstructure AnisotropyPlates Round BlanksStack of „Pancakes“Stack of „Pancakes“Stack of „Pancakes“Stack of „Pancakes“Stack of „Pancakes“M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps181st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Thermal ConductivityM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps191st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Rods: Fracture CharacteristicsM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps201st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.delaminationbrittle ductileTransition of Fracture ModesM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps211st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Delamination Fracture in RodsW1Re1La2O3 WL10opt WL10 WVMFFM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps221st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.DELAMINATIONPlates: Fracture CharacteristicsM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps231st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Fracture: W & WL10, platesW WL10Tested at 1000 C !!!M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps241st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Delamination Fracture in PlatesM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps251st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Important Conclusions for HHFCsPlates delaminate at all temperaturesHigher deformation degree improves D-Delam.-TTOxide particles (and K doping) promote delamination Microcracks (by EDM) promote delamination Notches, edges, grooves, etc. promote delamination Use highly deformed W rod materialProduce parts with flat surfaces, fabricated by milling, sawing, turning (avoid EDM!)In other words:M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps261st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.But how to fabricate divertor parts?Æ J. Reiser et al., FZKM. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps271st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.Problem of Microstructure Orientation9Cr-SteelPipe Impact Test WÆB. Dafferner, P. Norajitra, M. Rieth, 2010M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten materials for structural divertor apps281st International Conference on Materials for Energy, July 4 – 8, 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany.… and that‘s only one reason whyDEMO is so challenging!for your interest

Tungsten materials for structural divertor applications

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Tungsten materials for structural divertor applications

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