Franz, H.

Kraller, G.

Kunstmann, H.

Strasser, U.

Warscher, M.

English

KITopen

M d lli h b l i ho e ng t e water  a ance  n t e Berchtesgaden Alps (Bavaria, Germany)Snow cover dynamics, groundwater and karst system in complex high alpine terrainWarscher1 M., Kraller2 G., Strasser2 U., Kunstmann1 H., Franz3 H.(1) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, GermanyPerth, 27.09.10 1(2) Department of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz, Austria(3) Administration Berchtesgaden Nationalpark, GermanyBerchtesgaden National Park• Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany (IUCN Category II)• Part of UNESCO Biosphere ReservePerth, 27.09.10 2       .Berchtesgaden National Park• National Park: 210 km²Catchment area:  433 km²• Königssee: 603 m a.s.l.     Watzmann Mittelspitze: 2713 m a.s.l. large altitudinal gradient: 2110 m / 3.5 km• Mean annual precipitation: from 1500 mm (valleys)up to 2600 mm  (elevated and peak regions)• Biotopes:44,1 %   Forests21,0 %   Limestone grasslands19,3 %   Rock and scree12,4 %   Mountain pine3,2 %     Lakes and glaciersPerth, 27.09.10 3Regional HydrologyGroundwater and karst system Snow cover dynamics• Complex hydrogeological situation• Subsurface pathways   • Large amounts of snow, long period of snow coverage • Storage system• Groundwater redistribution• Spatial and temporal variability of the snow cover• Lateral snow transport (wind, snow slides, avalanches)• Precipitation storage during winter, runoff generation by melting snowPerth, 27.09.10 4• Snow „feeds“ glaciers and perennial firn fieldsInput WaSiM-ETHMeteorological measurements Gauges and subcatchments33 stations (19 automatic, 14 manual)National Park administration, township Schoenau, i l h i 33 k ²Perth, 27.09.10 5Bavar an ava anc e serv ce,  4   mCentral Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) 9 gauges and subcatchmentsInput WaSiM-ETHLand use HABITALP (www.habitalp.org)Standardised classification of C l I f d i l h t ho or  n rare  aer a  p o ograp sCorine Land Cover CLC Soil types„Bodenübersichtskarte“ 1:25000 Bavarian Environmental AgencyPerth, 27.09.10 6First results water balanceannual mean (2002 ‐ 2007)Precipitation (mm) 1611.4Rainfall (mm) 1111.5Snowfall (mm) 499.9Evapotranspiration (mm) 493.7Runoff (mm) 1013.3Nash‐Sutcliffe = 0.96Air temperature (°C) 1.2Snow cover duration (days) 144Nash‐SutcliffeHintersee (Ramsauer Ache) 0.65Ramsau (Wimbach) ‐0.31Ilsank (Ramsauer Ache) 0.63Schwoeb (Koenigsseer Ache) 0.38Stanggass (Bischofswieser Ache) 0.12Klaeranlage (Berchtesgadener Ache) 0.91Almbachmuehle (Almbach) 0.44Perth, 27.09.10 7St. Leonhard (Berchtesgadener Ache) 0.82Discharge modellingModelled and measured total runoff at gauge Hintersee 2004/2005(Headwater catchment)Nash‐Sutcliffe = 0.62Perth, 27.09.10 8Measured and modelled runoff at gauge “Hintersee"  Nov. 2004 ‐ Oct. 2005 in m³/sRegional HydrologyPerth, 27.09.10 9WaSiM snow moduleOriginal approach:WaSiM Day‐Degree(Temperature‐Index method)Modelled days with snow coveragePerth, 27.09.10 10during winter 2005/2006WaSiM snow modulePerth, 27.09.10 11New snow model AMUNDSENAMUNDSEN (Strasser 2008)(AlpineMUltiscale Numerical     Distributed Simulation ENgine)h ‘ ?W at s new• complete energy and mass balance of the snow cover(radiation balance turbulent fluxes soil heat flux)  ,    ,     • Interaction vegetation – snow (processes of interception and sublimation, micrometeorological conditions)• Terrain‐dependent radiation processes (shading, reflections from surrounding slopes) • Gravitational snow transport (snow slides)Perth, 27.09.10 12• Wind‐driven redistribution of snow Results – Energy balancePerth, 27.09.10 13Modelled energy fluxes on the snow cover (Kühroint winter 2005/2006)Results – Snow slidesSnow deposition during winter 05/06 (snow slides)Perth, 27.09.10 14Days with snow coverage (winter 05/06)Results – new snow modelDay Degree Energy Balance + Snowslides‐ ‐    Perth, 27.09.10 15Modelled mean snow cover duration (2002 – 2007)Snow melt and runoff dynamicsRunoff at gauge Hintersee (melting period spring 2006)Perth, 27.09.10 16Day‐DegreeNash‐Sutcliffe = 0.52Energy‐BalanceNash‐Sutcliffe = 0.58E‐Bal + SnowslidesNash‐Sutcliffe = 0.69E‐Bal + Snowslides + WindNash‐Sutcliffe = 0.76Summary and outlook• Enhanced snow module significantly improves the discharge modelling in alpine catchments (snow melt periods)• Further important processes:– Snow‐canopy processes (interception, sublimation, melt unload, micrometeorology)Algorithms available and tested within AMUNDSEN (Strasser 2008)• Systematic subsurface water redistribution is identified • Climate change scenarios and impact analysis Perth, 27.09.10 17Thanks!Perth, 27.09.10 18

Modeling the water balance in the Berchtesgaden Alps (Bavaria, Germany). Snow cover dynamics, groundwater and karst system in complex high alpine terrain

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/230086089/3815992

Modeling the water balance in the Berchtesgaden Alps (Bavaria, Germany). Snow cover dynamics, groundwater and karst system in complex high alpine terrain

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