Große, M.

Kaestner, A.

Schillinger, B.

English

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KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz AssociationInstitute for applied materials – applied materials physics / program NUCLEARwww.kit.eduWhat happens during nuclear accidents? Contributions of neutron imaging to nuclear safetyMirco Große, Anders Kaestner, Burkhard SchillingerInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR2/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012ContentIntroductionCalibrationSeperate effect testEx-situIn-situBundle testsSummary and ConclusionsOutlookMirco Grosse et al.Institute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR3/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012IntroductionMirco Grosse et al.At KIT the severe accident of PWR cores are investigated in the QUENCH program.Emerging cooling of the overheated reactor core results in steam oxidation of the zirconium alloys used as fuel rod cladding material:2 H2O + Zr → ZrO2 + 4 H (very simplified)4 H → 2H2↑ / 4 Habsorbedreleased molecular hydrogenrisk of hydrogen detonation in the environmentabsorbed hydrogenembrittlement of the cladding materialInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR4/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Mirco GrosseKalibrierunga) Radiography ex-situ0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.00123456 CCD camera without filter CCD camera with Be-filter Image Plate [cm-1]H/Zr ratioInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR5/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Mirco GrosseKalibrierungb) Radiography in-situ2 l/h       4 l/h        8 l/h  H2,  50 l/h Ar, 1000°CTRHRSKpKCSSSHSmHexp2)(Sieverts´ law:0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,60,00,51,01,52,02,53,03,5   900°C 1000°C 1100°C 1200°C 1300°C total, cm-1H/Zr atomic ratioInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR6/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Mirco GrosseKalibrierungc) TomographyInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR7/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012KalibrierungMirco Grosse0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,00,00,51,01,52,02,53,03,54,04,5 Radiography Tomography total, cm-1H/Zr atomic ratioInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR8/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Mirco Grosse et al.Institute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR9/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Separate effect testsMirco Grosse et al.60070080090010001100010203040M5E110ZirloDuplexZry4 x H, at.%T, °CInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR10/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Mirco Grosse et al.0 3600 7200 10800 14400 1800002004006008001000120014001600c H, wppmoxidation time, sZry-4, 1000°C, 30 g/h steam, 30 l/h argonsteam oxidationInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR11/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Separate effect tests in-situ investigations of DHCMirco Grosse et al.Institute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR12/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Mirco Grosse et al.Axial hydrogen distribution in corner rods and a cladding tube of the large scale test QUENCH-15Differences between the materialsDifferences for different sample shapes /solid rod and tub600 800 1000 1200 14000510152025303540  corner rod A, Zry-4, withdrawn after the test corner rod rod B, Zry-4, withdrawn after pre-oxidation phase corner rod rod C, E110, withdrawn before quenching corner rod rod H, E110, withdrawn after the test cladding tube 24, ZIRLO, withdrawn after the testHydrogen concentration, at.%axial position z, mmInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR13/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Mirco Grosse et al.Institute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR14/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Mirco Grosse et al.#15, ∆tb – q=0 s #10, ∆tb – q=49 s        #13, , ∆tb – q=61 s #19, , ∆tb – q=63 s#14, ∆tb – q=70 s #17, ∆tb – q=71 s #06, , ∆tb – q=93 s, #08, ∆tb – q=101 s#03, ∆tb – q=104 s #07, ∆tb – q=109 s        #01, ∆tb – q=112 sRadiographs of the QUENCH-L0 test arranged in the order of increasing time between burst and quenching Institute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR15/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Neue Messungen an QL0-ProbenMirco GrosseQUENCH-L0 R#07Institute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR16/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Neue Messungen an QL0-ProbenMirco GrosseQUENCH-L0 R#14Institute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR17/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012ErgebnisseMirco Grosse0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120050010001500200025003000x H, wppmtq-b, sInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR18/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Summary and ConclusionsNeutron imaging is a powerful tool to investigate the system hydrogen –zirconium.Calibration of the correlation between hydrogen concentration and total macroscopic neutron cross section allows quantitative analysis of the imaging data.The fast and non-destructive character of neutron imaging offers the possibility of in-situ investigations.Only neutron tomography is able to provide information about the real hydrogen distribution in nuclear fuel cladding tubes after failure in LOCA tests.Mirco Grosse et al.Institute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR19/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012OutlookNext steps:Investigation of different materials applied in different LOCA scenarios.Investigations of hydrogen re-distribution during DHC.Wishes for the future:Increase of the neutron flux to reduce illumination times in in-situ experiments.Combination with other methods, for instance SANS to study hydrideprecipitates (monochromatic beams are needed!)Mirco GrosseInstitute for Applied MaterialsApplied Materials PhysicsProgram NUCLEAR20/11NIUS 2012 Bad Zurzach (CH)April 15 – 18, 2012Aknowledgement The QUENCH team at KIT, in particular Marius van den Berg and Camille GouletSupport from PSI in particular Stefan Hartmann, Gabriel Frey and Eberhard LehmannSupport from FRM-2: Elbia CalzadaMirco Grosse et al.

What happens during nuclear accidents? Contributions of neutron imaging to nuclear safety

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/230087380/3816081

What happens during nuclear accidents? Contributions of neutron imaging to nuclear safety

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