Mauder, M.

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1   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Capturing all relevant scales of biosphere-atmosphere exchange – the enigmatic energy balance closure problem  Matthias Mauder Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany    KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) The Energy Balance Closure Problem 2   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012              • Worldwide in-situ measurements show:  Underestimation of turbulent exchange (λE + H) by 10-30% (e.g. Stoy and Mauder, 2011, analysis of 180 FLUXNET sites)  Rn – G = λE + H Energy Balance H: sensible heat flux, Rn : net radiation λE: latent heat flux, G: soil heat flux turbulent exchange   Graswang site, July/August  2010 Available energy Rn - G (W m-2) -200 0 200 400 600 800Turbulent energy fluxes H + E (W m-2) -200020040060080010780  x.yKIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Energy Balance Closure – Landmarks 3   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 1985 • Desjardins AFM 36, 29-41: First description of the EBC problem 1995 • Foken and Oncley BAMS 76, 1191-1193: Raise awareness of the EBC problem and test various hypotheses 1998 • Mahrt JTECH 15,416-429: Hypothesis: large-scale stationary circulations => spatial averaging 2004 • Kanda et al. BLM 110, 381-404.: First LES study of the EBC problem => spatial averaging KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 4   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 … … … KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Energy Balance Closure – Landmarks 5   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 1985 • Desjardins AFM 36, 29-41: First description of the EBC problem 1995 • Foken and Oncley BAMS 76, 1191-1193: Raise awareness of the EBC problem and test various hypotheses 1998 • Mahrt JTECH 15,416-429: Hypothesis: large-scale stationary circulations => spatial averaging 2004 • Kanda et al. BLM 110, 381-404.: First LES study of the EBC problem => spatial averaging KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Scale analysis of airborne measurements 6   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 Mauder, M., Desjardins, R.L., MacPherson, J.I.: 2007, ‘Scale analysis of airborne flux measurements over heterogeneous terrain in a boreal ecosystem’ JGR 112, D13112, doi:10.1029/2006JD008133. 115 km flight track 30 m above surface “Candle Lake Run” Canada KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Scale analysis of airborne measurements 7   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 Logarithmic wavenumber  (m-1) Wavelet cross-scalograms  Flight BOREAS 1 1041 – 1116 CST 25 May 1994  Taylor-hypothesis: 2 km =  30 min x 1.1 m s-1 2 km 2 km 2 km 2 km KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Scale analysis of airborne measurements 8   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 Wavelength (m)100 101 102 103 104 105CospectraQHQECO2-FluxO3-Flux2 km turbulent large-scale KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Scale analysis of airborne measurements 9   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 QH, QE (W m-2)-75-50-250255075100125150CO2-Flux (mg m-2 s-1), O3-Flux (µg m-2 s-1)-0.4-0.20.00.20.40.60.8turbulent large-scale QH QE CO2 flux O3 flux20 flights analysed 10 – 30%  large-scale flux  contribution  Same magnitude as the imbalance of  tower measurements below the flight track KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Multi-tower set-up, 2008 10   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 Time of day (EST)  0000   0400   0800   1200   1600   2000   0000Residual of the energy balance (W m-2)-5005010015020027 June to 6 August 2008, Energy balance residual at central site Mauder, M., R. L. Desjardins, E. Pattey, D. Worth, 2010: An attempt to close the surface energy balance using spatially-averaged flux measurements. BLM 136, 175-191. Research farm near Ottawa, Canada KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Multi-tower set-up, 2008 11   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 Time of day (EST)  0000   0400   0800   1200   1600   2000   0000Temporal mean of the vertical velocity w (m s-1)-0.06-0.05-0.04-0.03-0.02-0.010.00=> Vertical advection => Horizontal divergence => Updraft at some distance 27 June to 6 August 2008, mean vertical wind velocity KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Multi-tower set-up, 2008, land use map 12   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 1.2 km forage soy bean KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Mean vertical wind velocity 13   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 w Kaijo Denki, soybean (m s-1) -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20w CSAT3, forage (m s-1)-0.10-0.08-0.06-0.04-0.020.000.020.04w Kaijo Denki, soybean (m s-1) -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.2027 June to 6 August 2008 Open canopy, hc < 15 cm  Closed canopy, hc > 15 cm  soy bean soy bean  KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) How can large-scale circulations cause a systematic lack of energy balance closure? 14   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 relatively warm and moist air relatively cool and dry air KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Conclusions • Large-scale circulations superimposed on the general wind field are a dominant cause for the energy balance closure problem  • Aircraft measurements show that the magnitude of large-scale transport is the same as the missing flux of tower measurements  • From a multi-tower set-up, the updraft regions and downdraft regions of large-scale circulations could be identified  • The development of innovative approaches for quantifying the complete biosphere-atmospheric exchange of a scalar is warranted  15   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 KIT – die Kooperation von Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Thank you for your attention! And special thanks to Ray Desjardins and my former  coworkers in Ottawa, Dave Dow, Zhiling Gao, Ian MacPherson, Marc Lefebvre, Elizabeth Pattey, Ramesh Srinivasan, Ronald van Haarlem, and Devon Worth. 16   | M. Mauder| KIT/IMK-IFU | 29.05.2012 

Capturing all relevant scales of biosphere-atmosphere exchange - the enigmatic energy balance closure problem

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/230086966/3816051

Capturing all relevant scales of biosphere-atmosphere exchange - the enigmatic energy balance closure problem

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