Cen, K.

Hu, Y.

Kramar, U.

Norra, S.

Schleicher, N.

Schnelle-Kreis, J.

Schrader, S.

Schäfer, K.

Shao, L.Y.

Shen, R.R.

Suppan, P.

Tang, G.

Vogel, B.

Vogel, H.

Wang, J.

Wang, J.Y.

Wang, Y.S.

English

Shen, R. R.

Shao, L. Y.

Wang, J. Y.

Wang, Y. S.

KITopen

KIT – University of the State of Baden-Württemberg and National Large-scale Research Center of the Helmholtz Association www.kit.edu INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE RESEARCH, DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (IMK-IFU)   K. Schäfer1, R.R. Shen1, S. Schrader1,3, B. Vogel2, H. Vogel2, N. Schleicher3, 4, U. Kramar4, S. Norra3, 4, J. Schnelle-Kreis5, L.Y. Shao6, Y. Hu6, J. Wang6, J.Y. Wang6, K. Cen7, G. Tang8, Y.S. Wang8, P. Suppan1 1Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Department Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany 2Institute of Meteorology and Climate, Research – Department of Troposphere Research (IMK-TRO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany 3Institute of Geography and Geoecology (IGG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany 4Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry (IMG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany 5Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany 6Department of Resources and Earth Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology (CUMTB), 100083 Beijing, P. R. China 7School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (CUGB), 100083, Beijing, P.R. China 8State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100029, Beijing, P. R. China • Challenges  • Scientific questions  • Process studies  • Conclusions, outlook Impact of particulate matter sources on air quality of Beijing, China Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Scientific questions for air quality in Beijing Aeolian mineral dust originated from West and Northwest  during storm events – can carry pollutants and nutrients  Emission reduction measures to improve air quality during the Olympic Summer Games in 2008: cut down coarse particles mainly, still frequent air pollution events Source: www.nasa.gov Source: www.nasa.gov Desert areas in China Sandy deserts and lands Gobi deserts 1. Taklimakan Shao 2. Gurbantunggut Shamo 3. Kumtag Shamo 4. Qaidam Basin Shamo 5. Badain Jaran Shamo 6. Tengger Shamo 7. Ulan Buh Shamo 8. Hobq Shamo 9. Mu Us Shadi 10. Hunshandake Shadi 11. Horqin Shadi 12. Hulun Buir Shadi 13. Turpan Depression Shamo Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China  Air quality process studies in Beijing  Daily PM2.5 filter sampling by 2 HVS  DHA80 06/10 – 06/11 at CUGB,  since 04/13 at IAP by KIT/IMK-IFU Main and trace elements analyzed by PEDXRF (Polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence) from KIT/IMG  10 - 20 m distance to  PM2.5 weekly MVS and LVS by  KIT/IMG and  passive sampling by DWD Meteorological, MLH data: ZBAA, IAP, KIT/IMK-IFU IAP CUGB N ZBAA Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Wind influences in Beijing Whole year Summer 2010 Autumn  2010 Winter  2010 Spring 2011 Summer 2011 Spring: industrial areas; Summer: similar, precipitation, large MLH; Autumn: low wind speeds; Winter: higher wind speeds Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Desert dust clouds, winds from West, dry air   Evaluations in Beijing Higher particulate loads during winds from South-West   MLH > 1000 m: often multiple layering, < 1000 m: often one layer High PM2.5 load (40 – 140 µg/m3): MLH much lower than 1000 m Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Mixing layer height - air quality  Beijing: Influence of MLH upon element mass concentrations  If the origin of the elements is  • the soil this source dominates the concentrations   (Al, K and Ca no MLH influence),  • the traffic and industry the air transport dominates   (no MLH influence in higher altitudes) and  • a widespread area source the MLH dominates (Cu, Zn)  Haze days: high relative humidity/ low wind speed / low mixing layer height                         Dust days: high wind speed Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Variation of Fe, Ti and Ba in Beijing Highest in April because of dust storm (originated from Gobi desert) and re-suspended road dust  Dust events: different natural sources -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 2010.06.21 2010.07.21 2010.08.21 2010.09.21 2010.10.21 2010.11.21 2010.12.21 2011.01.21 2011.02.21 2011.03.21 2011.04.21 2011.05.21 2011.06.21 Normalized element mass concentration Date Fe Ti Ba Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Variation of Zn, As and Pb in Beijing Fossil fuel combustion (oil and coal combustion) and waste incineration, lowest in January - Spring Festival holidays Haze days: highest PM mass concentration from anthropogenic activities, air pollution event during all seasons -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2010.06.21 2010.07.21 2010.08.21 2010.09.21 2010.10.21 2010.11.21 2010.12.21 2011.01.21 2011.02.21 2011.03.21 2011.04.21 2011.05.21 2011.06.21 Normalized element mass concentration Date Zn As Pb Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China • Wind conditions influence urban air quality -> contribution of surrounding emissions: e.g. source apportionment of PM2.5 • MLH influenced by future climate change – quality of living in cities • Only holistic and multidisciplinary approaches provide a deeper understanding -> measurements and modeling  Discussion Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Methodological approach COSMO-ART AOD, TSP, PM10, PM2.5, dust emissions MODIS-AQUA AOD MISR-TERRA AOD CALIOP-CALIPSO AOD, aerosol types, feature AOD Spatio-temporal aerosol variability Active dust sources Vertical aerosol profiles Aerosol type and feature AOD Dust loading  Air quality OMI-AURA AOD Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Aim: Investigation of impact of gases and aerosols on air quality (continental to local scales) Gases & Aerosols: 80 gas species, 5 anthropogenic aerosol modes, mineral dust, sea salt, pollen  Feedbacks: meteorology, aerosols, gas phase, dynamics, clouds COSMO-ART Mineral dust:  • 3 initial dust modes, dust emissions, TSP, PM10, PM2.5, AOD • Dust emissions: surface properties, friction velocity, soil moisture • AOD: calculated online as function of extinction coefficients, single scattering albedo derived a priori according to dust size and number concentrations using Mie theory  COSMO-ART  (Consortium for Meso-scale Modeling –  Aerosols and Reactive Trace Gases) (Vogel et al., 2009, ACP; Stanelle et al., 2010, ACP) Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Data overview Parameters and product AOD wavelength horizontal resolution vertical resolution MODIS Deep Blue AOD Collection 5.1, Level 2 550 nm 10 x 10 km - OMI Near-UV AOD  OMAERUVd, Level 3 500 nm 1 x 1° - MISR Green band AOD MIL2ASAE, Collection 11, Level 2 555 nm 0.15 x 0.15° - CALIOP AOD, aerosol types Level 2, data version 3.01 532 nm,  1064 nm 5 x 5 km 333 m  COSMO-ART AOD, TSP, PM10, PM2.5 without anthropogenic emissions 555 nm 28 x 28 km Varying terrain following layers Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Study area and dust source regions Desert areas in Northern China Model domain Beijing Beijing Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Spatio-temporal variability of AOD by passive sensors  Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Satellite information for air quality modeling - AOD Comparison of measured AOD by MODIS and CALIPSO and simulated AOD by COSMO-ART for  model validation Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Impact of mineral dust on air quality – PM2.5 Simulation of local PM2.5 mass concentrations 28/04/2011, 07:30 UTC Taklamakan Desert 29/04/2011, 06:30 UTC Central China 30/04/2011, 05:30 UTC Beijing & Inner Mongolia PM2.5 [µg/m³] 100   200   300   400    500   600   700   800   900 Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Conclusions • Dust is present over most of the desert areas    main source regions Kumtaq, Taklamakan, Gobi  • Most mineral dust is located near the ground  air quality • Good accordance aerosol by satellites and simulated dust    Space lidar and passive sensors - aerosol model validation • We have to investigate  Traffic emissions and its development (e.g. UFP, BC)  Feedback mechanisms climate change & air quality   Consequences to human health: PM2.5, PSD -> UFP • Study future developments and recommendations relevant for decision makers and stakeholders to improve air quality and to limit climate change impacts  Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Acknowledgements  We like to thank for financial support within the frame of two start-up projects KIT centre Climate and Environment as well as State Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz Graduate School for Climate and Environment (GRACE) at KIT and CSC for fellowships. Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Thank you very much for your attention Klaus Schäfer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU) Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 - Asian Edition  17 - 20 November 2013, Beijing, China Impact of mineral dust on air quality – AOD  Comparison of CALIPSO features and feature AOD and  simulated COSMO-ART AOD 

Impact of particulate matter surces on air quality of Beijing, China

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/230095041/3816503

Impact of particulate matter surces on air quality of Beijing, China

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