Gemmeke, H.

Hopp, T.

Ruiter, N.V.

Zapf, M.

English

Ruiter, N. V.

KITopen

1 18.09.2015 KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and  National Laboratory of the Helmholtz Association INSTITUTE FOR DATA PROCESSING AND ELECTRONICS www.kit.edu 3D Ultrasound Computer Tomography (USCT)   Nicole V. Ruiter, Michael Zapf, Torsten Hopp and Hartmut Gemmeke  2 18.09.2015 Breast29.3%Collum16.4%Lung7.4%Uterus5.6%Ovaries4.9%Skin4.3%Bladder4.1%Misc28.0%New cancer cases 2006 (women, Germany) Breast cancer Most common cancer of women in western world  (every 10th woman)  Challenge: Early diagnosis    Current diagnosis methods     Source: Robert Koch Institute, Sant et al Palpation Sonography  X-ray mammography MRI Screening Symptomatic patients … Image sources: netdoctor.de, University Hospital Jena, University Hospital Mannheim 3 18.09.2015 Basic idea: Surround object with (unfocused) ultrasound transducers in a fixed setup  Features: Reproducible 3D images with ultrasound Sub-millimeter volumes Multiple tissue information Ultrasound Computer Tomography (USCT) Example setup Breast imaging in fixed setup 4 18.09.2015 The beginning First “USCT“ device (Holmes et al., 1954): Slice image of the neck, compounding device Sources: ob-ultrasound.net, Szabo: Diagnostic Ultrasound: Inside out. First attenuation imaging (Dussik, 1946): Not so successful imaging of brain ventricles 5 18.09.2015 State of the art 2D systems 3D system 2,5D system z y z y z y x 6 18.09.2015 Basic idea: Surround object with (unfocused) ultrasound transducers in a fixed setup  Features: Reproducible 3D images with ultrasound Sub-millimeter volumes Multiple tissue information Optimally focused images in 3D (isotropic PSF) Fast data acquisition  3D USCT at KIT Example setup Breast imaging in fixed setup 3D USCT imaging setup 3D Ultrasound Computer Tomography  for early breast cancer diagnosis … as harmless as diagnostic ultrasound as economical as X-ray mammography as sensitive as MRI 7 18.09.2015 How does it work? Data acquisition >10 Mio. A-scans Up to 40 GB raw data per breast Measurement time 10 s to 4 min.  Emitter Receiver Pressure p(t) Time t Transmission Reflection Image reconstruction Sound speed Attenuation Reflection    A-scan 8 18.09.2015 Image one, get two free Images three modalities concurrently:  Reflection:  High quality “B-Scans” Structural information  Speed of sound and attenuation:  Quantitative information Simple tissue classification possible?       Source: Simplified from Greenleaf et al. 9 18.09.2015 Image reconstruction Speed of sound Attenuation 7.2 cm 8.1 cm Reflectivity Fused reflectivity and  speed of sound All modalities with thresholding Exemplary  image fusion 10 18.09.2015 First clinical study: Patient population Title: “Pilotstudie 3D-Ultraschall-Computertomographie für die Brustkrebsdiagnose”  University Hospital Jena (Prof. W.A. Kaiser)  10 patients, all with suspicious lesions (follow ups, transferals, BRCA patients) 2 implants, 4 cancers, papilloma, fibroadenoma, mastopathy, cysts Patients’ average age: 55.6 a (± 13.5 a) 4 B-cups, 4 C-cups, 2 D-cups  11 18.09.2015 Patient 1: Comparability Registered MRI T1-weighted USCT Reflectivity (detail view) Transversal plane Coronal plane 12 18.09.2015 Patient 2: Inflammatory carcinoma  Transversal plane Coronal plane Registered MRI T1 contrast  enhancement USCT image fusion: Reflectivity +  sound speed (color-coded) Sagittal plane 1300 m/s 1600 m/s Sound speed 13 18.09.2015 Patient 3: Multicenter carcinoma  Registered MRI T1 contrast  enhancement USCT image fusion: Reflectivity +  sound speed (color-coded) 1300 m/s 1600 m/s Sound speed threshold: 1500m/s Transversal plane Coronal plane Sagittal plane 14 18.09.2015 Second Study: University Hospital Mannheim Aims Gives USCT as comparable  diagnoses as MRI? Analyze different lesion types  200 patients  Start of study: September 2015 15 18.09.2015 Build the next generation 3D USCT Main objectives: Shorten data acquisition time Improve image quality Adapt Region of Interest (ROI)  Reduce artefacts         -0.1 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.0800.050.10.15Current ROI ~ B-cup breast 10 cm 10 cm   -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.100.020.040.060.080.10.120.140510152025Sum of position of all breasts in pilot study   -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.10.02.04.06.080.1.12.1400.20.40.60.818 cm 19 cm 16 18.09.2015 ROI USCT aperture (top view) Larger diameter  ROI USCT aperture (top view)  Larger opening angle 3D USCT III: ROI and aperture parameters Transducer ROI USCT aperture (top view)  Aperture diameter Ultrasound field Trade off: Maximum feasible diameter of 35 cm and opening angle of 62° 18 18.09.2015 Improve image quality and reduce artefacts Diameter of aperture Opening angle of transducers -50 0 50-0.200.20.40.60.8Winkel / °Normierter Druck-50 0 50-0.200.20.40.60.8Winkel / °Normierter DruckClustering of transducers  global distribution Random transducer distribution (e.g. [1]) [1] Diarra B, Robini M, Tortoli P, Cachard C, Liebgott H.: Design of optimal 2-D nongrid sparse arrays for medical ultrasound. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2013 Nov;60(11):3093-102. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2013.2267742. Epub 2013 Jun 11. + add transducers 19 18.09.2015 USCT III – Vision: current 3D USCT II aperture −0.2−0.15−0.1−0.0500.050.10.150.2−0.2−0.100.10.2−0.14−0.12−0.1−0.08−0.06−0.04−0.0200.02x[m]radius  13.2cm,   135 TAS, d= 30.0mm, #transducer/TAS  13y[m]z[m]Diameter 26 cm 157 TAS With 12 positions: 10.7 Mio. A-scans TAS diameter 2.8 cm 4 emitters (red) 9 receivers (blue) 0 0.006 0.012 0.018 0.024 0.0300.0030.0060.0090.0120.0150.0180.0210.0240.0270.03pattern #2 of TAS with   13 transducers, chi2=179.2TAS Aperture USCT II aperture Next generation: Faster DAQ  more transducers Larger ROI larger aperture and opening angle Less artefacts  irregular  and wider distributed transducer positioning 20 18.09.2015 USCT III – Vision: bigger and denser aperture USCT III aperture Diameter 35 cm 128 TAS with 2 positions: ~10 Mio. A-scans TAS diameter 4.15 cm ~18 transducers (pink) both emitter and receiver −21 −16.8 −12.6 −8.4 −4.2 0 4.2 8.4 12.6 16.8 21−21−18.9−16.8−14.7−12.6−10.5−8.4−6.3−4.2−2.102.14.26.38.410.512.614.716.818.921pattern #2 of TAS with   18 transducers, chi2=1730.2x/mmy/mmTAS 2.0 Main challenges for transducer design: Arbitrary irregular transducer placement Reproducibility and accuracy of positioning and properties  21 18.09.2015 Summary Breast cancer is the most common cancer for women in the western world 3D USCT a new imaging method aimed at early breast cancer diagnosis   First pilot study gave very promising results,  second study currently beginning   3D USCT III: Faster DAQ Larger ROI Randomly distributed transducer USCT fused slice MRI subtraction 3D USCT during pilot study −21 −16.8 −12.6 −8.4 −4.2 0 4.2 8.4 12.6 16.8 21−21−18.9−16.8−14.7−12.6−10.5−8.4−6.3−4.2−2.102.14.26.38.410.512.614.716.818.921pattern #2 of TAS with   18 transducers, chi2=1730.2x/mmy/mm0 0.006 0.012 0.018 0.024 0.0300.0030.0060.0090.0120.0150.0180.0210.0240.0270.03pattern #2 of TAS with   13 transducers, chi2=179.222 18.09.2015 Thank you! IPE USCT Group Contact: nicole.ruiter@kit.edu Algorithms / Imaging / Image Processing N. V. Ruiter, M. Zapf, T. Hopp, W.Y. Tan,             H. Gemmeke, et al.  Hardware acceleration E. Kretzek, M. Balzer, et al.  Transducers M. Zapf, H. Gemmeke, et al.  DAQ and Hardware D. Tscherniakhovski, A. Menshikov, et al.  Design and Mechanics L. Berger, B. Osswald, T. Piller, W. Frank, et al.  We acknowledge support of this project by  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)  

3D ultrasound computer tomography (USCT)

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/230102226/3816909

3D ultrasound computer tomography (USCT)

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