Große, M.

Steinbrück, M.

Stuckert, J.

English

KITopen

KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and  National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association  Institute for Applied Materials, Programme NUSAFE www.kit.edu Update of the QUENCH Programme M. Steinbrück, J. Stuckert, M. Große et al. 20th International QUENCH Workshop, Karlsruhe, 11-13 November 2014 KIT – IAM 2 11.11.2014 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Outlook Motivation Separate-effects tests Bundle experiments ATF activities Modelling / Code validation Education Future prospects KIT – IAM 3 11.11.2014 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Motivation Reflood is a prime accident management measure to terminate a nuclear accident Reflood may cause temperature excursion connected with increased hydrogen and FP release (severe accidents) and embrittlement of cladding and secondary hydriding (LOCA) Coolability of a degraded core is a matter of high priority (SARNET-SARP, OECD-GAMA, Fukushima) QUENCH experiments (bundle+SET) provide data for development of models and validation of SFD code systems KIT – IAM 4 11.11.2014 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück QUENCH Programme Separate-effects tests Bundle  experiments Investigation of hydrogen source term and materials interactions during LOCA and early phase of severe accidents including reflood PWR fuel element KIT – IAM 5 11.11.2014 QUENCH Separate-effects tests: Main setups 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück INRRO TG QUENCH-SR BOX KIT – IAM 6 11.11.2014 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Separate-effects tests in 2014 Experiments on mechanism of air oxidation of Zr alloys Oxidation of Zircaloy-4 in steam-nitrogen mixtures Neutron radiography investigations on hydrogen absorption during oxidation of Zry-4 in steam-nitrogen Microstructure and mechanical properties of hydrogenated Zr alloys Experiments on high-temperature oxidation, quenching, and joining of silicon carbide High-temperature oxidation of tantalum and beryllium Dissolution kinetics of oxide layer on cladding surface under oxygen starvation conditions … KIT – IAM 7 11.11.2014 Reaction of Zircaloy-4 in steam-nitrogen mixtures 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück H2O + N2 H2O N2 0% N 2 5% N 2 6h @ 800°C Strong effect of nitrogen on oxidation kinetics of Zry-4 in N2-H2O mixtures over a wide range of composition KIT – IAM 8 11.11.2014 Reaction of Zircaloy-4 in steam-nitrogen mixtures 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Mass gain and hydrogen uptake determined by NR NR image of two samples KIT – IAM 9 11.11.2014 Micro hardness of hydrogenated Zircaloy-4 samples 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück 1802052302552803053300 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000HV wppm H 600 °C700 °C800 °C900 °CZircaloy-4 as-received levelZircaloy-4 annealed levelA. Pshenichnikov, J. Stuckert, M. Walter, Microstructure and mechanical properties of Zircaloy-4 claddings hydrogenated at temperatures between 900 and 1200 K,  NuMat 2014, Florida. KIT – IAM 10 11.11.2014 High-temperature oxidation of SiC materials  20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück 5 mm Post analysis: 1. Silica  2. Silicon carbide 3. Silica bubbles  1 2 3 Oxidation at 2000°C and quench of SiC samples  Cracks 2 mm Computational thermodynamics  SiC – Zry comparison  Temperature (K) Gas Species (Relative Amount) KIT – IAM 11 11.11.2014 High-temperature oxidation of tantalum in steam 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Ta is one candidate metal for SiC-M-SiC sandwich claddings 600°C 1100°C 1000°C 900°C 800°C 700°C Oxidation in steam 600-1100°C Varying steam partial pressure Plate and tube specimens KIT – IAM 12 11.11.2014 QUENCH facility 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück M. Steinbrück et al., Synopsis and outcome of the Quench experimental program,  NED 240 (2010), 1714-1727. Unique out-of-pile bundle facility to investigate reflood of an overheated reactor core 21-31 electrically heated fuel rod simulators; T up to >2000°C Extensive instrumentation for T, p, flow rates, level, etc. So far, 17 experiments on SA performed (1996-today) Influence of pre-oxidation, initial temperature, flooding rate B4C, Ag-In-Cd control rods Air ingress; debris formation Advanced cladding alloys DBA LOCA experiments with separately pressurized fuel rods KIT – IAM 13 11.11.2014 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Fourth test of the QUENCH-LOCA series with opt. ZirloTM cladding Conducted on 21 March 2014 Higher temperature than reference test, provides support for slightly beyond LOCA scenarios, will be repeated Post-test examinations in progress, including mechanical testing, metallography, neutron radiography and tomography, micro hardness measurements, XRD, TEM QUENCH-L3-HT Test conduct 4005006007008009001000110012001300140015001600051015202530354045505560-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400Temperature, KEl. power, kW; pressure, barTime, sel. powerfirst burst (rod 01)last burst (rod 16)Tpct, 850 mm (TFS 2/12)Tpct, 950 mm (TFS 2/13)water 20°C, 100 g/ssteam 190°C, 2 g/sAr 190°C, 6 g/ssteam 150°C, 20 g/sQUENCH-L3HT KIT – IAM 14 11.11.2014 QUENCH-L3HT 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück videoscope observation rod #16: burst opening rod #5: neutron radiography KIT – IAM 15 11.11.2014 QUENCH-L4 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Fifth test of the QUENCH-LOCA series with pre-hydrided M5® cladding Conducted on 30 July 2014 Post-test examinations in progress, including mechanical testing, metallography, neutron radiography and tomography, micro hardness measurements, XRD, TEM QUENCH-L4 Test conduct KIT – IAM 16 11.11.2014 QUENCH-L4 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück videoscope observation rod #7: burst opening KIT – IAM 17 11.11.2014 QUENCH activities for Accident Tolerant Fuel Claddings Three PhD theses are in progress High-temperature oxidation and quench of SiC Joining of SiC components Development of high-temperature resistant coatings for zirconium alloy cladding tubes Participation in the OECD-NEA Expert Group on Accident Tolerant Fuels for LWRs (EGATFL)  Partner of the EC FALSTAFF project to be proposed in the framework of HORIZON2020 Participation in the IAEA CRP on Accident Tolerant Fuel Concepts for Light Water Reactors (ACTOF) 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück KIT – IAM 18 11.11.2014 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Modelling and code validation QUENCH bundle tests are part of validation matrices of most SFD code systems SCDAP/R5 and MELCOR used for pre-test calculations (PSI), SOCRAT used for LOCA preparation (IBRAE) QUENCH data will be used in the frame of IAEA FUMAC project Participation in the OECD TMI-2 benchmark Further development of model for description of secondary hydriding during LOCA Separate-effects test data on air oxidation of Zr alloys are used by PSI, RUB, EdF and others for model development KIT – IAM 19 11.11.2014 Model for hydrogen distribution after secondary hydriding 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück 0 5 10 15 200200400600800hydrogen concentration, wt.ppmdistance to the burst opening, mm QUENCH-L0 QUENCH-L1 QUENCH-L2 QUENCH-L3HTQUENCH-L0 QUENCH-L20,00,20,40,60,81,01,21,41,61,80,00,20,40,60,81,01,21,41,61,8  maximum hydrogen concentration referred to QUENCH-L1) model NI experimentComparison of the computed axial hydrogen distributions          Comparison of the maximal hydrogen concentrations referred to the QUENCH-L1 reference test  Good agreement for Zry-4,  unsatisfying agreement for M5®  Differences in material parameters like oxidation kinetics, temperature of monoclinic – tetragonal phase transition has to be included KIT – IAM 20 11.11.2014 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Reporting QUENCH-L1:  KIT Scientific Report 7651 published QUENCH-L2/3HT: KIT Scientific Reports in preparation Numerous papers and conference contributions KIT – IAM 21 11.11.2014 Education AREVA Nuclear Professional School Lectures on Severe Accidents in October 2014 Next courses planned for October 2015 Information: http://www.anps.kit.edu/ Organisation of the KTG Technical Meeting on Fuel Assemblies in April 2014 QUENCH group hosts guest scientists, and supervises students during placements, bachelor, master, and PhD thesis  Two agreements for common mentoring of PhD thesis at PSI and EdF 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück KIT – IAM 22 11.11.2014 Outlook 2014-2016 QUENCH-LOCA Supported by German VGB PowerTec QUENCH-L3/5 under preparation and planned for end 2014 with opt. Zirlo® and first half of 2015 pre-hydrided opt. Zirlo® claddings QUENCH offers one experiment in the framework of the EC supported SAFEST program SETs and one bundle experiment on high-temperature oxidation and quenching of accident tolerant claddings (ATF) Cooperation with Japanese organizations for Fukushima-related experiments are under discussion SETs on various further topics 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück KIT – IAM 23 11.11.2014 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Co-operations Programs NUGENIA CSARP IAEA OECD-NEA Bilateral PSI AEKI IRSN, CEA IBRAE, KI RUB-LEE, IKE ITU  GRS VGB, AREVA, EdF CNEA Bariloche ENEA NECSA, BAM, HMI  NRA, JAEA  KIT – IAM 24 11.11.2014 Acknowledgement Helmholtz Association for funding program NUSAFE at KIT Program NUSAFE  and IAM institute’s management for broad support of our activities VGB for supporting QUENCH-LOCA test series  And last but not least the QUENCH team:  V. Avincola, M. Heck, J. Laier, J. Moch, H. Muscher, U. Peters, A. Pshenichnikov, C. Rössger, U. Stegmaier, M. Walter 20th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and  National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association  Institute for Applied Materials, Programme NUSAFE www.kit.edu Update of the QUENCH Programme M. Steinbrück, J. Stuckert, M. Große et al. 20th International QUENCH Workshop, Karlsruhe, 11-13 November 2014 

Update of the QUENCH programme

KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and  National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association  Institute for Applied Materials, Programme NUSAFE www.kit.edu Update of the QUENCH Programme M. Steinbrück, J. Stuckert, M. Große et al. 19th International QUENCH Workshop, Karlsruhe, 19-21 November 2013 KIT – IAM 2 19.11.2013 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Outlook Motivation Separate-effects tests Bundle experiments Modelling / Code validation Education Future prospects KIT – IAM 3 19.11.2013 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Motivation Reflood is a prime accident management measure to terminate a nuclear accident Reflood may cause temperature excursion connected with increased hydrogen and FP release (severe accidents) and embrittlement of cladding and secondary hydriding (LOCA) Coolability of a degraded core is a matter of high priority (SARNET-SARP, OECD-GAMA, Fukushima) QUENCH experiments (bundle+SET) provide data for development of models and validation of SFD code systems KIT – IAM 4 19.11.2013 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück QUENCH Programme Separate-effects tests Bundle  experiments Investigation of hydrogen source term and materials interactions during LOCA and early phase of severe accidents including reflood PWR fuel element KIT – IAM 5 19.11.2013 QUENCH Separate-effects tests: Main setups 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück INRRO TG QUENCH-SR BOX KIT – IAM 6 19.11.2013 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Separate-effects tests in 2013 Experiments on mechanism of air oxidation of Zr alloys Oxidation of Zircaloy-4 in oxygen-nitrogen mixtures In-situ neutron radiography investigations Zr(O)-nitrogen reaction Neutron tomography for investigation of hydrogen diffusion in mechanically loaded samples  Microstructure and mechanical properties of hydrogenated Zr alloys Experiments on high-temperature oxidation and quenching of silicon carbide Brazing tests on tungsten samples for fusion application … KIT – IAM 7 19.11.2013 Reaction of Zircaloy-4 in N2-O2 mixtures 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück 0% N 2 10% N 2 6h @ 800°C Strong effect of nitrogen on oxidation kinetics of Zry-4 in N2-O2 mixtures over a wide range of composition KIT – IAM 8 19.11.2013 High-temperature oxidation of SiC materials  19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück PhD thesis started 04/2012 “High temperature oxidation in corrosive atmospheres and quenching of silicon carbide” Partner of the EC MatISSE program Materials:  Commercial α-SiC cylindrical samples (ESK Ekasic F-plus) SiC-SiC cladding tubes provided by CEA and CTP Atmospheres:  Argon-oxygen mixtures Helium-impurities mixtures Steam Experiments with final quench phase from up to 2000°C  KIT – IAM 9 19.11.2013 SiC oxidation in steam and quenching from 2000°C 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück KIT – IAM 10 19.11.2013 Microstructure of hydrogenated cladding samples 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Annealed at 800°C in Ar (0 wppm H) Annealed at 800°C in Ar+H2 (3000 wppm H) KIT – IAM 11 19.11.2013 QUENCH facility 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück M. Steinbrück et al., Synopsis and outcome of the Quench experimental program,  NED 240 (2010), 1714-1727. Unique out-of-pile bundle facility to investigate reflood of an overheated reactor core 21-31 electrically heated fuel rod simulators; T up to >2000°C Extensive instrumentation for T, p, flow rates, level, etc. So far, 17 experiments on SA performed (1996-today) Influence of pre-oxidation, initial temperature, flooding rate B4C, Ag-In-Cd control rods Air ingress; debris formation Advanced cladding alloys DBA LOCA experiments with separately pressurized fuel rods KIT – IAM 12 19.11.2013 QUENCH-Debris Conducted at 30/31 Jan 2013 Investigation of formation  and coolability of debris and melt in the core In the framework of the SARNET-2 program Post-test examinations underway 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Bundle cross section Pellet segments KIT – IAM 13 19.11.2013 QUENCH-Debris; preliminary results 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Temperatures in the final phase Post-test debris KIT – IAM 14 19.11.2013 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück QUENCH-L2 Third test of the QUENCH-LOCA series with M5® cladding Conducted at 30 July 2013 Post-test examinations are underway, including mechanical testing, metallography, neutron radiography and tomography, micro hardness measurements, XRD, TEM 40047555062570077585092510001075115012251300137514500510152025303540455055606570-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300Temperature, KEl. power, kW; pressure, barTime, sel. powerp last burstp first burstTpct, 850 mmsteam 150 C, 20 g/s water 20 C, 100 g/sQUENCH-L2 Test conduct KIT – IAM 15 19.11.2013 QUENCH-L2; burst positions 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück KIT – IAM 16 19.11.2013 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Modelling and code validation QUENCH bundle tests are part of validation matrices of most SFD code systems SCDAP/R5 and MELCOR used for pre-test calculations (PSI), SOCRAT used for LOCA preparation (IBRAE) Participation in the OECD TMI-2 benchmark QUENCH-10/-16 benchmark in the framework of SARNET New model for description of secondary hydriding during LOCA Separate-effects test data on air oxidation of Zr alloys are used by PSI, RUB, EdF and others for model development KIT – IAM 17 19.11.2013 Model for hydrogen distribution after secondary hydriding 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück 222222),(),()(*)0,()(2)(02)(22222xrxcDrxdcxcpKrxcdtxxcDtKxdcdttKxcDMaxxdcmHmHHtotalSmHHoxHoxOHOH Steam transport and consumption in the gap  Free hydrogen production and transport Hydrogen uptake (amount of hydrogen in the gap has to be taken into account) Hydrogen diffusion in the tube wall KIT – IAM 18 19.11.2013 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Reporting QUENCH-16:  KIT Scientific Report 7634 published QUENCH-L0: KIT Scientific Report 7571 published Numerous papers and conference contributions KIT – IAM 19 19.11.2013 Education AREVA Nuclear Professional School Lectures on Severe Accidents in October 2013 Next courses planned for October 2014 Information: http://www.anps.kit.edu/ QUENCH group hosts guest scientists, and supervises students during placements, bachelor, master, and PhD thesis  Two agreements for common mentoring of PhD thesis at PSI and EdF 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück KIT – IAM 20 19.11.2013 Outlook 2013-2015 Evaluation of the HGF Program Nuclear Safety in January 2014 QUENCH-LOCA • Supported by German VGB PowerTec • QUENCH-L3-5 under preparation and planned for 2014 with opt. Zirlo® and M5® claddings • Two tests planned with hydrogen preloading for simulation of high burnup Bundle experiments and SETs on high-temperature oxidation and quenching of accident tolerant claddings (ATF) Cooperation with Japanese organizations for Fukushima-related experiments are under discussion SETs on various further topics 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück KIT – IAM 21 19.11.2013 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück Co-operations Programs NUGENIA CSARP IAEA OECD-NEA Bilateral PSI AEKI IRSN, CEA IBRAE, KI RUB-LEE, IKE ITU  GRS VGB, AREVA, EdF CNEA Bariloche ENEA NECSA, BAM, HMI  JNES, JEAE KIT – IAM 22 19.11.2013 Acknowledgement IAEA and EC JRC for support of the 2013 QUENCH workshop Helmholtz Association for funding program NUSAFE at KIT Program NUSAFE  and IAM institute’s management for broad support of our activities EC SARNET2 program for supporting QUENCH-Debris experiment VGB for supporting QUENCH-LOCA test series  And last but not least the QUENCH team:  V. Avincola, M. Heck, J. Laier, J. Moch, H. Muscher, U. Peters, Pshenichnikov, Anton (IAM), A. Pshenichnikov, C. Rössger, U. Stegmaier, M. Walter 19th Int. QUENCH Workshop                                                         Martin Steinbrück KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and  National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association  Institute for Applied Materials, Programme NUSAFE www.kit.edu Update of the QUENCH Programme M. Steinbrück, J. Stuckert, M. Große et al. 19th International QUENCH Workshop, Karlsruhe, 19-21 November 2013 

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Update of the QUENCH programme

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