Armstrong, D.

Dafferner, B.

Heger, S.

Hoffmann, A.

Hoffmann, M.D.

Jäntsch, U.

Kübel, C.

Materna-Morris, E.

Reiser, J.

Rieth, M.

Rohde, M.

Scherer, T.

Widak, V.

Zimmermann, H.

Hoffmann, M. D.

KITopen

FUSIONKIT - EURATOM ASSOCIATIONKIT – The cooperation of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH and Universität Karlsruhe (TH)KARLSRUHE INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY, INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH Tungsten as a structural divertor material Michael Rieth1, Dave Armstrong2, Bernhard Dafferner1, Sylvia Heger1, Andreas Hoffmann3, Mirjam-Diana Hoffmann1, Ute Jäntsch1, Christian Kübel4, Edeltraud Materna-Morris1, Jens Reiser1, Magnus Rohde1,  Torsten Scherer4, Verena Widak1, Horst Zimmermann11Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Materials Research I, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany 2Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom 3PLANSEE Metall GmbH, Development Refractory Alloys, 6600 Reutte, Austria 4Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany IntroductionHelium cooled divertor designsFracture behavior of tungsten materials under dynamicloadRodsPlatesConclusionsContentsCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.2M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialcomplex superposition of intensive neutron/heatradiation and thermo-mechanical load/fatigueBreeding BlanketPoloidal Field CoilToroidal Field CoilPower Conversion SystemSupply Electric Power to the GridHeating &Current driveIsotopeSeparationPumpingD+T+ashesWhere is the challenge? Sustainability Rentability Safety Economy Test device for plasma physics SafetyÆ Standard technologyITER Fusion Power PlantCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.3M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialBlanket: ≤150 dpa/5 yrs, 2.5 MW/m2Reduced activation ferritic-martensitic steels EUROFER (9Cr-WVTa) 350-550 C EUROFER-ODS 350-650 C Ferritic ODS steels 350-750 C ?He cooled structure, liquid lithium or lithium-ceramics for tritium breedingÆ ~85 % powerDivertor: ~30 dpa/2 yrs, 5-10 MW/m2Materials unknown, tungsten ?Operating temperature 350-1300 C ?Cooled tungsten shield to remove He and other particles from plasma  Æ ~15 % powerHigh Heat Flux ComponentsDEMOCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.4M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialTungsten & Helium, 5 MW/m² ConceptsÆK. Kleefeld, S. Gordeev, 2000Æ S. Hermsmeyer, K. Kleefeld, 2001CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.5M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialTungsten & Helium, 10 MW/m² ConceptsÆ P. Norajitra et al., 2003-200910 MW/m2FingerDivertor CassetteDome and structure(ODS RAFM)OutboardInboardDivertor target plates with modular thermal shield (W/W alloy)9-Finger ModuleHe600 C700 C10 MPaCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.6M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialTungsten & Helium, 5-10 MW/m² ConceptsÆ S. Hermsmeyer, S. Malang, 2002Æ T. Ihli, A. R. Raffrey, S. I. Abdel-Khalik, 2007ÆA. R. Raffrey, S. Malang et al., 2008CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.7M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialTungsten & Helium, 10 MW/m² ConceptsW‐FoamSection A‐AFoam in TubeW-FoamHeliumINOUTFoam HeatedSurfaceÆ S. Sharafat et al., 2005-2009CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.8M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialBrittleness of tungsten (even without irradiation)Unsolved fabrication issues (e.g. LA brazing, esp. under irradiation)Heat flux 5-10 MW/m² Various concepts (experimental proof for finger module)Operating temperatures adaptable in a wide rangeFacts DrawbacksDivertor concepts based on W & Helium Æ Pressurized pipes and cooling channels, different cross-sections, caps, fittings, etc.CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.9M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialFabrication of Half-finished ProductsRolling (or Swagging) of RodsCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.10M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialØ6,9 mm 91% Rolling Ø6,9 mm 91% Rolling Ø6,9 mm 94% Swaging Ø16 mm 91% RollingØ20 mm 93% Swaging Ø20 mm 93% Swaging Ø10 mm 81% Rolling Ø7 mm 91% Sw+RolMicrostructure AnisotropyRods: MetallographyCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.11M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialWL10 Rod, Ø7 mmlongitudinal transverseMicrostructure Anisotropy, ODS ParticlesRods: MetallographyCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.12M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialWL10 Rod, Ø7 mm W Rod, Ø7 mmMicrostructure AnisotropyRods: TEMCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.13M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialMicrostructure AnisotropyBundle of „Fibres“Bundle of „Fibres“Bundle of „Fibres“Bundle of „Fibres“Bundle of „Fibres“RodsCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.14M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialRods: Fracture CharacteristicsCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.15M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialDELAMINATIONRods: Fracture CharacteristicsCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.16M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialdelaminationbrittle ductileTransition of Fracture ModesCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.17M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialDelamination Fracture in RodsW1Re1La2O3 WL10opt WL10 WVMFFCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.18M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialFabrication of Half-finished ProductsRolling of Plates Forging of Round BlanksCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.19M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialMicrostructure AnisotropyPlates: Metallographythickness 3.6 mm 91% thickness 3.6 mm 91%thickness 3.6 mm 91%CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.20M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialMicrostructure AnisotropyPlates: SEM / FIB channeling effectW WCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.21M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialMicrostructure AnisotropyRound Blanks: Metallography200 µm 200 µmWUltra high pure W WTa5CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.22M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialMicrostructure AnisotropyRound Blanks: EBSDWTa5CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.23M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialMicrostructure AnisotropyPlates Round BlanksStack of „Pancakes“Stack of „Pancakes“Stack of „Pancakes“Stack of „Pancakes“Stack of „Pancakes“CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.24M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialDELAMINATIONCharpy Tests, Plate MaterialsCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.25M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialFracture: W & WL10, platesW WL10Tested at 1000 C !!!CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.26M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialDelamination Fracture in PlatesCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.27M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialImportant Conclusions for HHFCsPlates delaminate at all temperaturesHigher deformation degree improves D-Delam.-TTOxide particles (and K doping) promote delamination Microcracks (by EDM) promote delamination Notches, edges, grooves, etc. promote delamination Use highly deformed W rod materialProduce parts with flat surfaces, fabricated by milling, sawing, turning (avoid EDM!)In other words:CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.28M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialBut how to fabricate divertor parts?Æ J. Reiser et al., FZKCIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.29M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor materialProblem of Microstructure Orientation9Cr-SteelPipe Impact Test WÆB. Dafferner, P. Norajitra, M. Rieth, 2010CIMTEC 2010, 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010.30M. Rieth, D. Armstrong, B. Dafferner, S. Heger, A. Hoffmann, M. Hoffmann, U. Jäntsch, et al.: Tungsten as a structural divertor material… and that‘s only one reason whyDEMO is so challenging!for your interest

Tungsten as a structural divertor material

Refractory materials, in particular tungsten base materials are considered as primary candidates for structural high heat load applications in future nuclear fusion power plants. Promising helium-cooled divertor design outlines make use of their high heat conductivity and strength. The upper operating temperature limit is mainly defined by the onset of recrystallization but also by loss of creep strength. The lower operating temperature range is restricted by the use of steel parts for the in- and outlets as well as for the back-bone. Therefore, the most critical issue of tungsten materials in connection with structural divertor applications is the ductile-to-brittle transition. Another problem consists in the fact that especially refractory alloys show a strong correlation between microstructure and their manufacturing history. Since physical and mechanical properties are influenced by the underlying microstructure, refractory alloys can behave quite different, even if their chemical composition is the same. Therefore, creep and thermal conductivity have been investigated using typical commercial tungsten materials. Moreover, the fracture behavior of different tungsten based semi-finished products was characterized by standard Charpy tests which have been performed up to 1100 °C in vacuum. Due to their fabrication history (powder mixing, pressing, sintering, rolling, forging, or swaging) these materials have specific microstructures which lead different fracture modes. The influence of the microstructure characteristics like grain size, anisotropy, texture, or chemical composition has been studied. 

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Michael Rieth

Dave Armstrong

Bernhard Dafferner

Sylvia Heger

Andreas Hoffmann

Mirjam Diana Hoffmann

Ute Jäntsch

Christian Kübel

Edeltraud Materna-Morris

Jens Reiser

Magnus Rohde

Torsten Scherer

Verena Widak

Horst Zimmermann

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Advances in Science and Technology

Tungsten as a Structural Divertor Material

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/240080214/3815733

Tungsten as a structural divertor material

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