Emmerich, Thomas

Schroer, Carsten

English

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KIT – University of the State Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Research Center of the Helmholtz AssociationINSTITUTE FOR APPLIED MATERIALS – APPLIED MATERIALS PHYSICS (IAM-AWP), CORROSION DEPARTMENTwww.kit.eduAnalysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys as well as protective surface layers at high temperatureThomas Emmerich, Carsten SchroerAnalysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys Institute for Applied Materials–as well as protective surface layers at high temperature Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP)Lausanne, 11.07.2016 Corrosion Department2Liquid tin Compatible materials Rhenium, tungsten, quartz-glass, ceramics, graphite Alternative Protective surface layers on steels or Ni-based alloys Application as a heat transfer medium Large liquid temperature range 232 – 2620 °C High heat flux Not volatile or toxic Corrosion of metallic materials  Solution of alloying elements Formation of intermetallic phases with Sn (stannides)Analysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys Institute for Applied Materials–as well as protective surface layers at high temperature Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP)Lausanne, 11.07.2016 Corrosion Department3Experimental Tin filled tubular samples Austenitic steels (1.4301, 1.4571) at 500 and 700 °C Ni-based alloys (2,4642, 2.4650, 2.4663) at 700 and 1000 °C Procedure Testing at 500, 700 and 1000 °C for 25, 50 und 100 h  Formation of surface layers by gas-phase processes and PVD Post-test analysis Measurement of material loss OM, REM, EDX and XRDAnalysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys Institute for Applied Materials–as well as protective surface layers at high temperature Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP)Lausanne, 11.07.2016 Corrosion Department4Corrosion by liquid tin Steels and Ni-based alloys Solution of alloying elements, especially Ni  Penetration by Sn Cr, Fe and Mo form α-, σ- or similar phases Steels formation of stannide layers Stannides allow solutes to re-precipitate in case of local saturation of the melt1.4571 at 700 °C for 25 h2.4663 at 700 °C for 25 h Material losses Steels at 500 °C: 40 µm after 100 h Steels at 700 °C: 150 µm after 100 h Ni-based alloys at 700 °C: 1100 µm after 50 h Ni-based alloys at 1000 °C: 2500 µm after 25 hAnalysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys Institute for Applied Materials–as well as protective surface layers at high temperature Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP)Lausanne, 11.07.2016 Corrosion Department5Surface layers1.4571 at 700 °C for 100 h1.4571 at 700 °C for 100 h High temperature gas oxidation  At 800 °C in flowing Ar Continuous oxide layers  Oxide layers partially dissolved  Local protection of alloy at 700 °C Low pressure carburisation At 1000 °C in propane Internal carbides instead of layer No significant reduction of corrosion at 700 °CAnalysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys Institute for Applied Materials–as well as protective surface layers at high temperature Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP)Lausanne, 11.07.2016 Corrosion Department6Surface layers1.4571 at 700 °C for 100 h High temperature gas nitration At 800 °C in flowing N2 Continuous Cr-nitride layers  1.4571 sample mainly protected (700 °C,100 h)  Local penetration by Sn through defects Cr-nitride layers on 2.4642 were transformed into (Al, Ti)-nitrides2.4642 at 700 °C for 100 hAnalysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys Institute for Applied Materials–as well as protective surface layers at high temperature Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP)Lausanne, 11.07.2016 Corrosion Department7Surface layers2.4663 at 700 °C for 50 h Physical vapor deposition 5 µm thick layers of TiC and TiN on 2.4663 Layer defects formed, likely due to different thermal expansion than substrate Penetration by Sn through defects No transformation of TiC and TiN observedAnalysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys Institute for Applied Materials–as well as protective surface layers at high temperature Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP)Lausanne, 11.07.2016 Corrosion Department8Conclusions Oxides Thick layers necessary for longer durability Stabilisation by oxygen content in melt Nitrides Improvement of process to ensure layer continuity Alloys with higher alloying content of Al or Ti than Cr PVD Multi-layer, or gradually structured layers to compensate thermal expansion difference Corrosion Dense protective surface layers necessary to prevent solution of alloying elements, especially  leaching of Ni Short grace periods, especially at 1000 °C Precise corrosion monitoring necessaryAnalysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys Institute for Applied Materials–as well as protective surface layers at high temperature Applied Materials Physics (IAM-AWP)Lausanne, 11.07.2016 Corrosion Department9Thank you for your attention!KIT – University of the State Baden-Wuerttemberg andNational Research Center of the Helmholtz AssociationINSTITUTE FOR APPLIED MATERIALS – APPLIED MATERIALS PHYSICS (IAM-AWP), CORROSION DEPARTMENTwww.kit.eduAnalysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys as well as protective surface layers at high temperatureThomas Emmerich, Carsten Schroer

Analysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys as well as protective surface layers at high temperature

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000056624/3868639

Analysis of the interaction between liquid tin and austenitic steels, nickel-based alloys as well as protective surface layers at high temperature

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