Inventory of weed flora in phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.) crop grown in spring at two sowing dates

Abstract

Ovaj diplomski rad bavio se proučavanjem korovne flore u usjevu facelije na Pokušalištu Maksimiru u dva proljetna roka sjetve. Facelija je biljka koja u početku vegetacije nema razvijene kompeticijske sposobnosti, te se u tom razdoblju mogu pojaviti različite vrste korova. Pokus je proveden na pokušalištu Agronomskog fakulteta tijekom proljeća i ljeta 2015. godine. Ustanovljeno je da različiti rokovi sjetve i predkulture utječu na pojavu korova u usjevima facelije. U ranom roku sjetve pojava korova je značajnija i raznolikija, zabilježeno je 25 korovnih vrsta svrstanih u 16 različitih porodica. U kasnijem roku sjetve je zabilježeno samo osam korovnih vrsta koji su svrstani u 5 porodica. Najbrojnije korovne vrste u ranom proljetnom roku sjetve pripadaju porodici Asteraceae, a u kasnom roku sjetve porodici Poaceae. Glavni razlog većeg broja korovnih vrsta u ranom proljetnom roku sjetve je suvišak oborina u početnom dijelu vegetacije facelije koji je u kombinaciji s relativno niskim temperaturama i zbijenim oraničnim slojem tla rezultirao slabijom razvijenosti biljaka facelije. Zanimljivo je istaknuti da je među korovnim vrstama prikupljenim u faceliji zabilježena i jedna zaštićena te ugrožena biljna vrsta. Korovne vrste prikupljane su na pokušalistu Maksimir, Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu. U okviru diplomskog rada prošla sam kroz cijeli postupak obrade biljnog materijala od prikupljanja i identifikacije korovnih vrsta, do herbariziranja, digitaliziranja i unosa u bazu podataka ZAGR herbarija. Ovim radom biti će prikazane korovne vrste koje su zabilježene u usjevu facelije u ranom i kasnom roku proljetne sjetve.This graduate thesis studied the weed flora in phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.) crop grown in the continental part of the Republic of Croatia in spring at two sowing dates. Phacelia is a plant that has low competitive ability in early vegetation, and various weeds may germinate in that period. Field experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb in spring of 2015. It has been found that different spring sowing date and previous crop affected the abundance of weeds in phacelia crop. In the early sowing date the weeds were more abundant and in total the 26 weed species were recorded belonging to 16 different plant families. In the later sowing date, only eight weed species were recorded, belonging to five plant families. The largest number of weeds at early spring sowing date belongs to the Asteraceae family, and at late sowing date most weeds were of Poaceae family. The main reason for a large number of weed species in the early spring sowing date was excessive precipitation coupled with relatively low temperatures as well as poor soil preparation and reduced plant growth, caused by early-flowering weed species. It is interesting that protected and endangered plant species were collected among the weed species in e phacelia crop . Weed species were collected at the Maksimir experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb. I was fully involved in the entire process of processing plant material starting from the collection and identification of weeds, until herbarium, digitization and entry into the ZAGR herbarium database. This work reports weed species that were recorded in phacelia crop grown at early and late spring sowing date