Potreba navodnjavanja masline na području Istre

Abstract

Maslina je jedna od najstarijih biljnih kultura na planeti Zemlji, smatra se simbolom mira, života, snage, vjernosti, obilja, zdravlja, vječnosti. Raste na škrtom tlu, gotovo bez vode, ali uz obilje sunca i time postala simbolom mediteranskog područja. Sami smo svjedoci sve učestalijih suša, pa je i otpornu i izdržljivu maslinu potrebno navodnjavati da bi dala kvalitetan plodCilj rada je utvrditi manjak vode tijekom vegetacije u hidrološki nepovoljnim (sušnim) godinama pri uzgoju masline na području istarskog poluotoka, točnije na području grada Buzeta. Klimatske komponente za potrebu navodnjavanja određene su uporabom 30-godišnjih nizova meteroloških podataka s glavne meteorološke postaje (GMP) Pazin i indeksa faza razvoja masline. Referentna evapotranspiracija (Eto) izračunata je prema metodi Penman-Montheitha. Vrijednosti efektivnih oborina izračunate su metodom USBR iz odnosa srednjih mjesečnih prosječnih oborina kao i iz količine mjesečnih oborina koje su razgraničene donjim kvartilom (Šimunić i sur.,2007). Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da ukupni nedostatak vode ovisi o količini i sezonskom rasporedu oborina. Izračunat je manjak vode za višegodišnji prosjek oborina i za sušne godine. Manjak vode u višegodišnjem prosjeku oborina nije utvrđen, dok u sušnim godinama izrčunati manjak iznosi 38,2 mm Iz analiziranih podataka se zaključuje da je navodnjavanje potrebna mjera u uzgoju masline na području grada Buzeta.Olive tree is one of the oldest crops in the Earth, is the symbol of peace, life, strength, loyalty, abundance, health, eternity. It grows on barren ground, almost without water, but with plenty of sunshine and with that characteristics becoming the symbol of the Mediterranean region. All humans are witnesses of increasingly frequent droughts, so very resistant and durable olive tree is necessary to irrigate if we want high-quality fruit. The aim of this work is to determine the lack of water during the growing season in hydrologically unfavorable (dry) years in the cultivation of olive trees in the area of the Istrian peninsula, specifically in the area of city Buzet. Air-conditioning components for the town of Buzet in terms of irrigation were determined using 30-year series of meteorological data from Weather Statin (WS) Pazin and phenological growth of olive trees. Reference evapotranspiration (Eto) is calculated according to Penman-Monteith method. The values of effective rainfall calculated method USBR from the relationship of mean monthly average precipitation and amount of monthly precipitation that delimited the lower quartile. The results show that the total lack of water depends on the amount and seasonal distribution of rainfall. Calculated by the lack of water for many years of average rainfall and the dry years. Deficit of water in the average perennial of years is not determined, but in the dry years it amounts 38.2 mm. From the analyzed data, it is concluded that irrigation is a necessary measure in the cultivation of olive trees in the city of Buzet