Detection of tomato viroses through bioassays

Abstract

Viroze povrtnih kultura relativno su česta pojava, a činjenica je da ih proizvođači uglavnom nisu svjesni jer se njihove simptome povezuje s posljedicama drugih biotičkih i abiotičkih djelovanja. S ciljem pravovremenog poduzimanja mjera za suzbijanje, važno je brzo otkrivanje bolesti te detekcija biljnog patogena. Iako su u virologiji razvijene napredne i precizne laboratorijske dijagnostičke metode, one su često nedostupne u proizvodnjama i postoji potreba za testiranjem biljaka sa simptomima primjenom tradicionalnih metoda uz primjenu osjetljivih zeljastih indikatorskih biljaka. U proizvodnji rajčice važno je moći razlikovati abiotičke od biotičkih djelovanja koji rezultiraju štetnim promjenama na biljkama.Glavni cilj rada je bio u pokusu umjetne zaraze osjetljivih zeljastih biljaka, poznatih domaćina virusa rajčice, provjeriti infektivnost biljnog soka priređenog iz lista uzorkovane rajčice sa simptomima sistemične viroze s lokacije Grubišno Polje. Rad uspoređuje prikladnost primjene korištenih zeljastih test-biljaka za provođenje biotestova s ciljem detekcije viroza rajčice. U biotestu na zeljastim domaćinima iz 7 vrsta/kultivara, uspješnom se u ekspresiji simptoma viroze iz rajčice, uz klijance rajčice cv. 'Rutgers', pokazala i vrsta Nicotianatabacum cv. 'Xanthi'. Klijanci rajčice sorte 'Rutgers' pokazali su se najosjetljivijima na inokulum iz rajčice s virusnim simptomima, te se mogu preporučiti za provedbu biotesta.Viruses in vegetable crops are relatively common, but the fact is that vegetable growers are generally not aware of them because their symptoms are usually associated with the other biotic and abiotic factors. In order to timely implement control measures, it is important to quickly detect diseases and plant pathogens causing them. Although in virology there are advanced and accurate laboratory diagnostic methods, they are often unavailable inproduction and there is a need for testing plants with symptoms using the traditional methods, as it is use of sensitive herbaceous indicator plants. In the production of tomatoes it is important to be able to distinguish between abiotic from biotic effects that result in adverse changes in the plants. The main objective of the study was to test the artificial infection ofsensitive herbaceous plants, known hosts of tomato viruses, by checking the infectivity of vegetable juice prepared from the tomato leaves with symptoms of systemic viral infections sampled in Grubišno Polje. The work compares the suitability of application in used herbaceous test plants for bioassays in detection of tomato viroses. The bioassay on herbaceous hosts from 7 species/cultivars was performed. In the expression of symptoms ofviral infections from tomatoe, successful were Nicotiana tabacum cv. 'Xanthi' and tomato cv.'Rutgers' seedlings. Seedlings of tomato proved to be most sensitive to an inoculum from tomatoes with viral symptoms, and they can be recommended for implementation of bioassay