Relationship between amylose and zein content in maize and production performance of laying hens

Abstract

Kukuruz je najzastupljenije krmivo u hranidbi peradi zbog čega razlike između hibrida mogu utjecati na proizvodne rezultate životinja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio istražiti razlike u sadržaju amiloze i zeina različitih hibrida kukuruza te kako te razlike utječu na proizvodna svojstva kokoši nesilica. Ukupno 90 Tetra nesilica je po tri bilo raspoređeno u kaveze koji su zatim prema kompletno nasumičnom planu dodijeljeni hranidbenim tretmanima. Hranidbeni tretmani su se razlikovali jedino u hibridu kukuruza (Bc 572, Kekec, Mejaš, Pajdaš i Riđan i jedan kontrolni). Tijekom proizvodnog pokusa koji je trajao 12 tjedana, pratila se nesivost, prosječni dnevni unos hrane, prosječna masa jaja, dnevna i tjedna jajna masa i konverzija, a na početku, sredini i kraju pokusa nesilice su vagane. Kemijske analize zrna su pokazale značajne razlike u sadržaju amiloze i zeina u ispitivanim hibridima kukuruza (P<0,0001). Utvrđeni prosječni sadržaj zeina je bio 60,94 g/kg ST (52,69–67,23 g/kg ST), a amiloze 191,33 g/kg ST (177,4 – 203,59 g/kg ST). Hibrid je značajno utjecao na sve proizvodne parametre (P<0,0001) osim nesivosti te je utvrđena povezanost sadržaja amiloze i zeina i proizvodnih pokazatelja nesilica. Negativna korelacija između sadržaja amiloze u ST i škrobu i prosječnog dnevnog unosa hrane (redom r=-0,132, P<0,05 i r=-0,180, P<0,01) upućuje da su nesilice hranjene hibridima s nižim sadržajem amiloze konzumirale manje hrane. Nesilice hranjene hibridima s višim omjerom amiloze i amilopektina konzumirale su manje hrane (r=-0,182, P<0,001) i imale bolju konverziju (r=-0,138, P<0,01), dok je viši sadržaj amilopektina bio povezan s višom prosječnom masom jaja (r=0,106, P<0,05). Sadržaj zeina u zrnu ispitivanih hibrida nije značajno utjecao na proizvodna svojstva.Since maize is the most commonly used feed in poultry, differences between hybrids could affect animal production performance. The aim of this study was to determine differences in the amylose and zein content in maize hybrids and how they affect production characteristics of laying hens. A total of 90 Tetra laying hens were randomly placed by three in cages which were allocated to dietary treatments in complete randomized plan. Treatments differentiated only in maize hybrid (Bc 572, Kekec, Mejaš, Pajdaš i Riđan and one control). During 12-week animal trial, egg production, average daily feed intake, average egg mass, daily and weekly egg mass and conversion were monitored, and hens were weighted at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of trial. Chemical analyses of grain showed significant differences in the contents of amylose and zein among tested hybrids (P<0.0001). The average zein content was 60.94 g/kg DM (52.69-67.23 g/kg DM) while for amylose was 191.33 g/kg DM (177.4-203.59 g/kg DM). All production parameters, except egg production, were affected by maize hybrid (P<0.0001), and relationship between hen production characteristics and contents of amylose and zein in maize were determined. Negative correlation between amylose content in DM and starch and average daily feed intake was observed (r=-0.132, P<0.05 and r=-0.180, P<0.01, respectively) implies that hens fed hybrids with lower amylose content consumed less. Hens fed hybrids with higher amylose/amylopectin ratio consumed less (r=-0.182, P<0.001) and had better feed conversion (r=-0.138, P<0.01). Hens fed hybrids with higher amylopectin content laid heavier eggs (r=0.106, P<0.05). Zein content of tested hybrids did not affect hens’ production characteristics