Currently, there is an international change in education that includes the
development of new learning programmes and policies, such as (a)
bilingual education programmes, (b) the Bologna process, with an emphasis
on a more autonomous way of learning, or (c) the systematic evaluation
and assessment of students and educational results. These changes in the
educational situation require changing the way we learn, think and behave.
Thus have emerged several new scenarios and environments for teaching
and learning, such as blended learning, e-learning, ubiquitous learning or
incidental learning. All these new approaches put the focus on learners
and are intended to adapt to their needs and limitations. It seems that the
easiest way to implement these new approaches is to apply Information and
Communication Technologies (ICTs) to teaching and/or learning. This is the
main assumption underlying the research in important language teaching and
learning areas, such as Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and
Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL). This chapter (as well as this
whole volume) tries to show how this goal is currently being achieve
