Daubner, M.

Pacio, J.

Wetzel, T.

KITopen

KIT – The Research University in the Helmholtz AssociationSupport infrastructure: study of structural materials for T up to 1000°C (in sodium, lead, tin, …), instrumentation, …High-temperature thermal energy storage with liquid metalsJ. Pacio, M. Daubner, T. Wetzel – Liquid Metal Competence Platform Karlsruhe (LIMCKA)209Why liquid metals as heat transfer fluids?MotivationSodiumTinLead-bismuth(LBE)HeliumHitec saltSolar saltTherminolAirCO2SteamWaterOperation at higher temperature, °CHigher thermal conductivity, W /mKx280Gasesx28Demonstration scale: NADINE initiativeOptimization strategies for a LM-thermoclineProof-of-concept in an existing facility Integration of renewable energies and residual heat from industrial processesStable liquids at high temperature and low pressureEfficient heat transfer due to high thermal conductivityLimitation: lower heat capacity  dual-media approachTHEADES facility uses LBE (T=200-450°C), up to 500 kWThermo-cline tests in laboratory scale: ca. 100 kWhthLiquid metal as high-temperature heat transfer fluidDual-media approach: Thermocline with a low-cost solid storage medium, e.g. quartzite(Power-to-) Heat-to-X applications at high temp., e.g. power or fuels (H2)TminTmaxBest results with:Low porositySmall particlesLarge H/D ratioFast cyclesReduced stand-byNational Demonstrator for Isentropic Energy Storage Joint initiative by University of Stuttgart, DLR and KITModular approach: liquid metals for highest temp. rangeModel validated with salt + oil data [1] Challenge for liquid metals: axial heat transfer in the thermo-cline regionH/D ratioPorosity Particle size [mm]Round-trip efficiency𝜆𝑁𝑎 > 𝜆𝑃𝑏 > 𝜆𝐿𝐵𝐸> 𝜆𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑡LM-module A: dual-media, large capacityLM-module B: sodium only, rapid responseThis work received support from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy in the frame of the project DESI-NADINE: Design project for NADINE (2018-19) New experimental facility planned for demonstration of system and further test of key componentsCapacity: 1.0 MWhPower: 500 kWT = 350-750°CUses lead and quartziteKey component: storage vessel H=3.2m, D=1.2m (3.7 m3)Additional ports for installing components (heat exchangers, reactors) to be tested in flowing  LM environmentHdD[1] Niedermeier, K. et al (2018). Performance of molten sodium vs. molten salts ina packed bed thermal energy storage. Applied Thermal Engineering 141, 368-377Cover gasSump tankAir coolerPumpSecondary circuitsMain circulation lineNew storage testsCharging pathDischarge pathsump tankpump Large and small air coolersoxygen control systemcover gas systembypassflow meterexpansiontank

High temperature thermal energy storage with liquid metals

https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000093309/24922802

High temperature thermal energy storage with liquid metals

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