© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.One of the most promising approaches to stimulate regeneration and angiogenesis in traumatic or ischemic tissue damage is stem cell therapy. Embryonic and fetal stem cells have the greatest potential of differentiation into different cell types; however, at the same time, they carry the highest risk of teratoma formation. Adult stem cells have the potential risk of transformation during prolonged cultivation in vitro, or as a result of genetic changes during gene-cell therapy applications. In this regard, technologies that can reduce the potential risks of cell and gene-cell therapy are of particular interest. According to the paracrine hypothesis, the beneficial effect of stem cell therapy is due to stimulation of resident cells by cell-to-cell contacts, secretion of bioactive molecules, and release of extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discuss the development of regenerative medicine from cell to cell-free therapy based on extracellular vesicles

Gomzikova M.

Rizvanov A.

BioNanoScience

Kazan Federal University Digital Repository

Current Trends in Regenerative Medicine: From Cell to Cell-Free Therapy

BioNanoScience 2017 vol.7 N1, pages 240-245Current Trends in Regenerative Medicine: From Cell toCell-Free TherapyGomzikova M., Rizvanov A.Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan, RussiaAbstract© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.One of the most promising approaches tostimulate regeneration and angiogenesis in traumatic or ischemic tissue damage is stem celltherapy.  Embryonic  and fetal  stem cells  have the greatest  potential  of  differentiation intodifferent  cell  types;  however,  at  the  same time,  they  carry  the  highest  risk  of  teratomaformation. Adult stem cells have the potential risk of transformation during prolonged cultivationin vitro, or as a result of genetic changes during gene-cell therapy applications. In this regard,technologies that can reduce the potential risks of cell and gene-cell therapy are of particularinterest. According to the paracrine hypothesis, the beneficial effect of stem cell therapy is dueto stimulation of resident cells by cell-to-cell contacts, secretion of bioactive molecules, andrelease of extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discuss the development of regenerativemedicine from cell to cell-free therapy based on extracellular vesicles.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12668-016-0348-0KeywordsCell-free therapy, Cytochalasin B, Extracellular vesicles, Paracrine hypothesisReferences[1] Mao, A. S., & Mooney, D. J. (2015). Regenerative medicine: current therapies and future directions. Proceedingsof the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, 14452–9.[2] Calio, M. L., et al. (2014). Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells decreases oxidative stress,apoptosis,  and hippocampal  damage in  brain  of  a  spontaneous stroke model.  Free Radical  Biology andMedicine, 70, 141–54.[3] Duffield, J. S., et al. (2005). 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Current Trends in Regenerative Medicine: From Cell to Cell-Free Therapy

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