We investigated femtosecond-laser-induced modification at an Al/diamond interface. The interface was irradiated from the backside through the diamond substrate, which is transparent to the laser beam. Extremely high pulse energies, i.e., 200 and 100 µJ/pulse, were used to irradiate the interface. The cross-section of the laser-irradiated line was observed with conventional and high-voltage transmission electron microscopy. The modification of the laser-irradiated interface was characterized by the formation of an amorphous phase sandwiched between the deformed Al film and the diamond substrate. The major chemical component of the amorphous phase was identified as carbon, blown from the diamond substrate. The newly formed interface between the amorphous phase and the diamond substrate was concave. In addition, a fine ripple structure with an average spacing one-quarter the wavelength of the laser light was formed only in the sample irradiated by the higher-energy pulses
