Groving of winter crops in Lithuania and their concentration areas for the future

Abstract

The research was carried out during 1993-2000 at the Lithuanian University of Agriculture. There are favourable conditions for development of crop production in Lithuania, however, the suitability of areas for their production must be taken into consideration. After establishing those areas, natural conditions of the regions should allow reducing the price of crop production and influence the market competition. For establishing the area’s most suitable for growing and concentrating winter crops in perspective, the location of their growing areas and crops capacity among the regions in 1993-2000 were investigated. The cartogram of wheat crop area in 1993-2000, when it comprised about 25.5% of all crop area, reveals the region’s most suitable for winter crop growing. It is almost the whole Middle zone, however, the Panevėžys region is less suitable for this purpose. The averages of winter crop capacity in the regions in 1993-2000 were in resilient correlation with soil productivity scale - in all farms it’s depended on soil productivity by 73.9%. The average of winter crop capacity in all Lithuanian farms in 1993-2000 was 2.74 t/ha. The crop capacity was highest in the Šakiai, Joniškis and Pasvalys regions. After summarizing the research results, the following area for wheat crop growing were suggested: the west boundary of this area should cross the Mažeikiai, Akmenė, Šiauliai, Kelmė, Raseiniai and Jurbarkas regions, the east boundary should cross the Biržai, Kupiškis, Panevėžys, Jonava, Kaunas, Prienai, Alytus and Marijampolė regions. The most suitable are Pasvalys, Pakruojis and Šakiai regions.The areas for future growing of triticale may be used not only the Middle zone, but also the West zone, such as the Kretinga, Šilutė, Plunge, Šilalė, Tauragė and Raseiniai regions, and the East zone regions such as Kupiškis, Ukmergė, Širvintos, Vilnius, Šalčininkai, Lazdijai, Kaišiadorys and Utena. The areas for rye crop growing lye in the subzone of Southeast Lithuania and Šilutė region, where turf sand and sandy soils are predominant. The large part of rye crop is growing in other regions of the East zone, however, in regions near the Middle zone their part in the crop structure is smaller. More rye crops are sowed in the West zone. The average capacity of rye crops on all Lithuanian farms depends on soil productivity by 63.0%. The largest rye crop capacity in 1993-2000 was observed in Joniškis, Pakruojis and Radviliškis regions. In future, the subzone of Southeast Lithuania and Šilutė region should be used as the areas for rye crop growing. The neighbouring regions are suitable for rye crop growing (Žemaitija - Plungė, Telšiai and Šilalė regions)

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