In patients without significant urologic symptoms, microscopic hematuria is occasionally detected on routine urinalysis. Patients with microscopic hematuria detected at a health examination or screening urinalysis, who were advised by a consulted urologist, were increased recently. In spite of undergoing a full urological evaluation, there are many patients that urologists can not detect the origin of microscopic hematuria. Once asymptomatic microscopic hematuria is established and no etiological cause is identified, we must follow the patient. In this short review, I explained the several urologic diseases that cause microscopic hematuria and mentioned how to do follow-up patients with microscopic hematuria
