Lackner, Susanne

Lardon, Laurent

Pellicer i Nàcher, Carles

Smets, Barth F.

Terada, Akihiko

Online Research Database In Technology

                       General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.  • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal   If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.     Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 17, 2017Redox Stratified Controlled Biofilm Reactor for Completely Autotrophic NitrogenRemovalPellicer i Nàcher, Carles; Lackner, Susanne; Terada, Akihiko; Lardon, Laurent; Smets, Barth F.Publication date:2008Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Pellicer i Nàcher, C., Lackner, S., Terada, A., Lardon, L., & Smets, B. F. (2008). Redox Stratified ControlledBiofilm Reactor for Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal. Poster session presented at IWA Leading-Edgeconference on Water and Wastewater Technologies, Zürich, .Redox Stratification Controlled BiofilmReactors For Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal1. Towards a novel reactor technologySusanne Lackner1, Carles Pellicer i Nàcher1, Akihiko Terada1, Laurent Lardon1, Barth F. Smets11 Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 113, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark (E-mail: sul@er.dtu.dk, s061127@student.dtu.dk, akt@er.dtu.dk, lal@er.dtu.dk, bfs@er.dtu.dk)2. Challenges in ReSCoBiR3. Materials and methods  5. Modeling  Oxygen supply• Hollow fibre membranes in flow throughconfiguration and O2 supply by air.• Composite membranes (Polyurethane +Polyethylene) for bubbleless operation.• Specific surface area of 142 m2/m3.• Oxygen transfer tests in clean water at 10, 30 and50 KPa showed fluxes of O2 of 2.12, 5 and 6.49 gO2/m2/day.• Higher global mass transfer coefficients whenhigher pressures are applied.Hydrodynamic behaviour• High liquid recirculation ratio (80) and membranemodule rotation (20 rpm) promote good dispersioncharacteristics and control of biofilm thickness.• Packing density of 91.5 %, calculated according to [14].• Residence Time Distribution tests and comparison tothe N CSTR in series model show that the reactorbehaves as a single CSTR.Reactor monitoringMost of the process variables aretracked on-line:• pH.• Dissolved Oxygen.• Oxidation/Reduction Potential.• NH4+ and NO3- concentrations.• Air Flow.• Reactor Temperature.Variables tracked offline:• Influent flow.• Gas line pressure.• Total Organic Carbon.• NO2- Concentration.• Total Suspended SolidsThese readings are accessible fromany computer with internet.Substrate CompositionRPMtreatedeffluentdepletedairPeristalticpumpPressure gaugePressure gaugeAir valveairAir valve(needle valve)CentrifugalpumpNH4+NO3-ADCMembraneAeratedBiofilmReactorStirrerAnalogsignalDigitalsignalDigitalsignalto USBportto COMportFlow meterdrainage forcalibrationSystemdrainageGas bagNO2,CO2SubstrateReSCoBiRpHDOORP00,20,40,60,811,21,40 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5qE ( q )Experimental resultsNt=2Nt=1Nt=10The substrate is synthetic wastewater adapted from [15], consisting of:Operation started in February, with nitrifying biomass from the Lundtofte wastewater treatment plant(Lundtofte, Denmark). The objective was to keep the JO2/JNH4+ ratio at the optimal level [3] for attainment of theAnammox stoichiometry.• Difficulties to reach the proper NH4+/NO2- ratio, but fast response of the bacteria to disturbances.• Calculations based on stoichiometric relations with NH4+, NO2- and NO3- steady state concentrations show anoxygen transfer rate about 10 times higher than the one predicted in the clean water tests.Batch tests were carried to estimate bio-kinetic parametersand the current global mass transfer coefficient viaparameter estimation with the implemented model.Another objective was to test the potential to reach theAnammox stoichiometry.4. Experimental resultsCurrent status and future work:• Reactors inoculated with Anammox biomass cultivated ina plug flow reactor at 37 ⁰C in laboratory conditions.• Continued operation to achieve complete nitrogenremoval at room temperature.Growing biofilms on oxygen permeable membranes, whereby oxygen supply to the bottom part of the biofilmcan be easily controlled, can create redox stratication in the biofilm and, subsequently, micro niches fordifferent bacterial communities which can perform simultaneous oxidation and reduction of pollutants fromwastewater. These Redox-Stratified Controlled Biofilm Reactors (ReSCoBiR) are a promising technology forstable completely autotrophic nitrogen removal.4 2 3 5 7 2 2 2 2 21.38 1.98 0.018 0.98 0.98 1.89 2.93NH O HCO C H NO NO NO CO H O        4 2 3 2 0.5 0.15 2 3 21.32 0.13 0.066 0.066 1.02 0.26 2.03NH NO H HCO CH O N N NO H O          Aerobic Ammonium Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) [1]:Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidizing Bacteria (AnAOB) [2]:Modeling studies have confirmed that counter-diffusion biofilm (in which substrates are supplied from bothsides of the biofilm) are more advantageous for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal than a conventionalco-diffusion biofilms [3]. Thus, this configuration will be the object of the present study.A mathematical model for the presented Counter-diffusion ReSCoBiR was built using AQUASIM [16], taking themodel in [17] as guideline. A parameter estimation to fit the data presented in FIGURE 11 was performed.Bio-kinetic parameters and global mass transfer coefficient obtained were used to build a simplified MATLABmodel, which accounted for the following processes in the biofilm as they are presented in [18] and [19]:Particulates: Solutes:• Growth, decay and hydrolysis processes.• Advection due to biofilm growth.• Diffusion (implementation improved theconvergence of the model).• Diffusion.• Reaction.• (NH4)SO4 (300-600 mg-N/l)• KHCO3The model represent quite accurately the batch and the dynamicsof the posterior continuous operation without aerationAeration offReferences:1. Barnes, D. and P.J. Bliss, Biological control of nitrogen in wastewater treatment. 1983, London: Spon. xi,146 p.2. Kuenen, J.G., Anammox bacteria: from discovery to application. NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY, 2008. 6(4): p. 320-326.3. Terada, A., et al., Redox-stratification controlled biofilm (ReSCoBi) for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal: The effect of co- versus counter-diffusion on reactor performance. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, 2007. 97(1): p. 40-51.4. Tsushima, I., et al., Development of high-rate anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) biofilm reactors. Water Research, 2007. 41(8): p. 1623-1634.5. Third, K.A., et al., The CANON system (completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite) under ammonium limitation: Interaction and competition between three groups of bacteria. SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, 2001. 24(4): p. 588-596.6. Semmens, M.J., J.W. Shanahan, and A.C. Cole, Membrane Technology: Pilot Studies of Membrane-Aerated Bioreactors, in Treatment Processes. 2005.7. Sliekers, A.O., et al., CANON and Anammox in a gas-lift reactor. FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, 2003. 218(2): p. 339-344.8. Syron, E. and E. Casey, Membrane-Aerated Biofilms for High Rate Biotreatment: Performance Appraisal, Engineering Principles, Scale-up and Development Requirements. Environmental Science and Technology, 2008. 42(6): p. 1833-1844.9. Kampschreur, M.J., et al., Dynamics of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emission during full-scale reject water treatment. Water Research, 2008. 42(3): p. 812-826.10. Cema, G., et al., Nitrogen removal rates at a technical-scale pilot plant with the one-stage partial nitritation/Anammox process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2006. 54(8): p. 209-217.11. Szatkowska, B., et al., A one-stage system with partial nitritation and Anammox processes in the moving-bed biofilm reactor. Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research., 2007. 55(8-9): p. 19-26.12. WTW Wissenschaftlic-Technische Werkstätten GmbH , Weilheim, Germany. NH4+/NO3- combination electrode. 2007.13. Mitsubishi Rayon Co., L., Tokyo, Japan, Multi-layered composite hollow-fiber membrane, dakki_img_01.jpg, Editor. 2004.14. Rector, T.J., J.L. Garland, and S.O. Starr, Dispersion characteristics of a rotating hollow fiber membrane bioreactor: Effects of module packing density and rotational frequency. JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, 2006. 278(1-2): p. 144-150.15. deGraaf, A.A.V., et al., Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor. MICROBIOLOGY-UK, 1996. 142: p. 2187-2196.16. Reichert, P. (1998). AQUASIM 2.0 – Computer program for the identification and simulation of aquatic systems. EAWAG, Du¨bendorf, Switzerland.17. Lackner, S., A. Terada, and B.F. Smets, Heterotrophic activity compromises autotrophic nitrogen removal in membrane-aerated biofilms: Results of a modeling study. Water Research, 2008. 42(4-5): p. 1102-1112.18. Wanner, O. and P. Reichert, Mathematical modeling of mixed-culture biofilms. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, 1996. 49(2): p. 172-184.19. Lee, M.W. and J.M. Park, One-dimensional mixed-culture biofilm model considering different space occupancies of particulate components. Water Research, 2007. 41(19): p. 4317-4328.• Empirical and modeling results confirmed that the masstransfer is 10 times higher than expected.• AOB growth rate is 37% higher than the expected.• NOB growth rate is 60% lower than the one in the literature.• The MATLAB model was extended and Anammox bacteriaactivity were incorporated. The model shows similar behaviourwhen compared to respective AQUASIM simulations.• The model should be refined to represent better the biofilmgrowth and the stratification.• A control strategy to shorten Anammox start-up time is beingstudied.• MATLAB model will give the possibility to implement real timecontrol in the system.Modeling vs Experimental results01002003004005006007000 5 10 15 20Time (hr)Concentration N species (mg-N/l)Ammonium Model Nitrite modelNitrate model Ammonium exp.Nitrite experimental Nitrate experimentalMATLAB vs AQUASIM values01002003004005006007000 5 10 15 20 25Time (days)Concentration of nitrogen species (mg-N/liter)Ammonium MATLAB Nitrite MATLABNitrate MATLAB Ammonium AQUASIMNitrite AQUASIM Nitrate AQUASIMFIGURE 1: Substrate fluxes in counter-diffusion ReSCoBiRFIGURE 2: FISH image of biofilm(Cyan: AOB, Yellow –orange-: NOB,Green: All bacteria).FIGURE 3: FISH image of biofilm (Cyan:Chloroflexi, Magenta: Anammox, Blue:All bacteria).In this study:• Construction of the reactor system.• Study of the nitritation in order to achieve AnAOB stoichiometry.• Modeling of the constructed reactor.FIGURE 4: Caption of the on-line monitoring systemFIGURE 5: Flow cell with electrodes and detail of the NH4+/NO3-electrode [12]FIGURE 7: Detail of the reactorFIGURE 8: Hollow fibre membrane [13]FIGURE 9: Trace experiment results vs theoretical values from the N tank in series model for different N valuesFIGURE 6: Reactor setupFIGURE 10: Reactor performance during the first month of operationFIGURE 11: Batch operation results. Evolution of parameters in the bulk liquidFIGURE 12: Batch modeling results. Comparison to experimental valuesFIGURE 13: Comparison of the results of the MATLAB and AQUASIM model0,00100,00200,00300,00400,00500,00600,00700,000 2,5 5 7,5 10 12,5 15 17,5 20 22,5 25 27,5 30 32,5Time (days)Concentration (mg-N/liter)ammonium nitratenitrite (mass balance) Ammonium influentammonium exp nitrate expnitrite expChange pressure cages. ReadjustementAdjustment of the loading rate to the current OTRAeration decreased to 15 KPaAeration increased to 30 KPaOperation started at 30KPaPVC tubing brokenProblem solvedAeration decreasedAeration Increased to 10 KPaChanges in HRTSNH4 doubled HRT reduced to the halfAeration offNitrogen Species in Reactor 2 From Start-up until 27/03/08• KH2PO4• MgSO4·7H2O• CaCl2·2H2O• Trace elements**This work was funded by the Technical University of Denmark (DTUPhDstipend to S. Lackner) and the Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation (FTP-ReSCoBiR).

Redox Stratified Controlled Biofilm Reactor for Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/4398419/Poster_LET_final.pdf

Redox Stratified Controlled Biofilm Reactor for Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Online Research Database In Technology