Fujiwara Katsuo

Toyama Hiroshi

Kanazawa University Repository for Academic Resources

Ann.Sci.KanazawaUnivVol.29,pp､49･55,199249Effect㎡InSertioliPhasesOfUnilateralShoulderFlexionandExtensiononWalk-LikeLowerL加bExercisewithTheCrossedInnervationActedHiroShiToYAMA')andKatsuoFuJIwARA')(ReceivedApril30,1992)1．IntroductionAccordingtotheprogressofmotorlearning,themotorcontrolofvoluntarymovementisautomatizedincompanywithshiftoftheneuralcentersofmOtorcontroltothelowerneuralcenters4'6).ToyamaandFujiwara8'9''')obtainedthephenomenathattheautomat-izedlevelofmotorcontrolcouldbeevaluatedbytheinterferencedegreebetweentheupperlimbexerciseandlowerlimbexercise.Byanalyzingoftheinterferencedegreeofthe●●uperlimbsexercisetothewalkingexercise,WeobtainedtheresulthathemotOrpon"!●oRhelowerlimbsduringthewalkingexerCiseofadultsubjectswashighlyautomatizedU●AnautomatizationofmotorcontrolimpliesachangeoftheregulationwhichShifttowardreflexibility.Thesimultaneouscontroloftheupperlimbandlowerlimbisbasedontheneurallinkagebetweenthoselimbs''2).Therefore,thefunctionalstateoftheinterlimbreflexinthevoluntarycontrolmaybereflectedontheaspectoftheinterference.Fromthisviewpoint,weinvestigatedtheeffectofinsertionphasesofunilateral●Shouldefflexionandextensiononthewalk-likelowerlimbexercisewiththecrossed●innervationacted.2．MethOdsThesubjectswere9males,agedfroml8to37yearsold(tablel).Thesubjectsperformedthesteppingwithholdingtheirupperlimbsinlateralsideofthebody,inthefrequencyofl20times/min.TheyperformedaslightflexionorTablelAge,HightandWeightofthesubjectsnmeanS.D.Weight瀞Age Hight(755fS)(cn')(922．46．249168.33．68961．79．33')DepartmentofHealthandP厨証alEducation,CollegeofLiberalArts,KanazawaUniversity,1-1Marunouchi,Kanazawa,920Japan.150 HiroshiTOYAMAandKatsuoFUJIWARAI|脚il ①ー ?。I轡一四．A B CFig.1Measurmentoftheinterferenceoftheunilateralshouldermovementtothewalk-likelowerlimbsexercise(A:steppingwithoutshouldermotion.B:insertionofshoulderflexion.C:insertionofshoulderextension).0?7????????’ ’ ’??????、，???? ?????． ????lowerlmbsexerclseLーm｢､1鯵rOnnmoI;r]u11ｲI／／ 、、／／、、?????←???????←?〔? ??【?? ←????foot200~1‐↓I・lght4000100~I~~~~~Fr↓↓↓contaCt300~~「↓?、????．?? ‐?． ??←400丁一’???????????師wl叫(1)lIa“smncGpM恥銚nnc⑥pIIncb』;円lnRII1,“cFig.2Experimentalschedule.extension(about20degrees)ofrightshoulderinresponsetoalightsignalwhilestepping(figurel).AlightsignalwerepresentedatO,100,200,300and400msecafterthecontactofrightorleftfoot,usingadelayedsignalgenerator(HIRUTAM.E.,modelHFT.907).Figure2showstheexperimentalschedule.Inthesesignalconditions,6trialswerecarriedoutrespectivelyThesubjectsweregiventheinstructiontomaintainthestepcycleand51EffectofShoulderMovementonWalk-LikeLowerLimbExerciseshoulderfiexion(R-Omsec.)500，sec．－lightsignal|sm'|5m'Del･a．Del.p、footswitch(right)footswitch(left)???Fig.3Typicalrecordingofalightsignal,EMGsofanteriordeltoidandposteriordeltoidandfootswitchsignals.performetheshoulermovementinresponsetoalightsignalassoonaspossible.Thefootswitchsignalsofbothfeet,electromyographies(EMGs)ofanteriordeltoidmuscle(DA)andposteriordeltoidmuscle(DP)ofrightsideWerepickedup.Thetimeintervalofthealternatefootcontacts(stepinterval)andthemuscleonsetsofDAandDPwereanalyzedusingamicrocomputer(EPSON,PC-286LS).IntheA/Dconversion,aresolu.tionwasl2bittandasamplingintervalwas2msec.Theinterferencedegreeoftheinsertionofshouldermovementtothewalk-likelowerlimbsexerCisewasevaluatedbythe●changeofstepintervalInaddition,therelationbetweenthemotiOnofrightshoulderjointandtheEMGactivitieswasinvestigatedwhilesteppingwiththemovementofbOthsidesofshoulder(the●●naturalstepping).Thesignificantleveloft-testusedinthisstudywas5%,3．ResultsFigure3Showsthetypicalrecordingofalightsignal,EMGsofDAandDPandfootswitchsignalsintheconditionofshoulderflexion.Intheconditionofshoulderflexion,onestepintervalinwhichtheonsetofDAactivity52 HiroshiTOYAMAandKatsuoFUJIWARAShoulderFIexionShoulderExtension120110100～達90．導塁80????????（?）????：′．◆◆篝識簔毒琴●●●◆◆◆◆◆●???706050shortening-shortening●●●●－shortening●●ー●●shortening-ー一Ieftfootcontact-昌一一一司書拝rightfootcontact-P－－Ieftfootcontact－H－－－HFrightfootcontact-01002003004000100200300400InsertionTimeofEMG(msec.)01002003004000100200300400InsertionTimeofEMG(msec.）Fig.4Ratioofonestepcycle(thesummationofonestepintervalinwhichthemuscleonsetofdeltoidwascontainedandonestepintervalfollowingbyit)tothatjustpriortoit,wascontainedoronestepintervalfollowingbyit,orbothwereshOrtenedinaspecificphaseofstepping.Figure4showstheratioofonestepcycle(thesummationofthesetwostepintervals)tothatjustpriortoit(SC-ratio).WhenthemuscleonsetofDAexistedbetweenOmsecand398msecafterleftfootcontactandbetweenl50msecand398mseca仕errightfootcontact,theSC-ratiowassignificantlydecreased.Thesimilarphenomenawereobtainedintheconditionofshoulderextension.WhenthemuscleonsetofDPexistedbetweenlOOmsecand298msecafterrightfootcontactandbetween200msecand248msecafterleftfootcontact,thedecreaseofSC-ratiowassignificant.Inthenaturalstepping,thetimingthatrightshoulderchangedthemovementdirectioninbackwas357±27.3msecaftertheleftfootcontact.Thetimingsofonset,peakandendintheEMGofDAwere290士44.9msecaftertheleftfootcontact,428±40.9msecafterthatandl6±45.1msecaftertherightfootcontact,respectively.Thetimingthatrightshoulderchangedthemovementdirectioninfrontwas348±25.9msecaftertherightfootcontact.Thetimingsofonset,peakandendintheEMGofDPwere88i78.9msecaftertherightfootcontact,418士88.4msecafterthatand93±67.0msecaftertheleftfootcontact,reSpectively.Figure5showsthemuscleactivitiesinthenaturalsteppingandthetmerangeofmuscleonsetsofDAandDPinwhichtheSC-ratiosignificantlydecreasedintwoconditionsoftheshouldermovement.EffectofShoulderMovementonWalk-LikeLowerLimbExercise 531Del・a DeI・a．●●●●●●Del.p・…???remarkabIeinterference(rightside) Del.p・●●●ー●●●peak。シ〆冨､趣．peakEMGactivity DeI､a乱motionofshoulderjoint(rightside)fIexionextensIon■■■■■■■■■■■■■xtension回■■eトー 一一一｣旦幽pOtg聖上且gー 一計footrightfootcontact一計01002003004000100200300400(msec.）Fig.5Muscleactivitiesinthenaturalsteppingandthetimerangeofmuscleonsetsofanteriorandposteriordeltoidinwhichthe.stepcycleratiosignificantiydecreased.4．DiscusSiOnPatla7)reportedthattherightshoulderflexionshortenedthedurationsofthestanceandswingphasesrelatetothewalkingcycle.However,theshoulderflexionwassoforcefulandlargethatthesechangesmaybeduetonotonlytheneuralconnectionbetweentheupperlimbandlowerlimbbutalsothephysicalfactor.Inthisstudy,weutiliZedaslightmovementofshoulderinordertopreventthephysicalchange・Nevertheless,theremarkabledecreaseofSC-ratioappeared.Thisinterferencemaybeproducedundertheneuralconnectionbetweentheupperandlowerlimb.Theremarkableinterferenceoftheshouldermovementwasappeardontwophasesinthestepcycle.OneofthemwaswhentheactivitiesofDAandDPstartedbeforethepeakoftheirmuscleactivitiesinthenaturalStepping･AnotherphasecorreSpondedtothetimethatthesemuscleswerenotactivatedinthenaturalstepping･Itseemsthattheformerphenomenonisthecontralateralfacilitationandthelatterphenomenonistheipsilateralfacilitationforthelowerlimbwhicharecausedbyaninsertionofshouldermovement.However,thetimerangethatthecontralateralfacilitationexistedwasWiderthanthatoftheipsilateralfacilitation.Lloyd5),GernandtandShimamura3)reportedthatthecrossedanduncrossedneuralpathwaysexistedbetweentheforelimbsandhindlimbsincat.Inaddition,theyshowedthatthecrossedneurallinkagewasmorestrongthantheuncrossedone・Aswellasanimal,thestrongcrossedneurallinkagebetweentheupperandlowerlimbshasbeenshowninman').54 HiroshiTOYAMAandKatsuoFUJIWARAItisconceivablethattheresultsinthisstudysuggestanaspectofintegrationoftheinterlimbreflex.inthevoluntarycontrolofupperlimbexerciseduringthewalk-likelowe,･limbexercise.5．SummaryFromthepointofviewthathowtheinterlimbreflexfunctioninthevoluntarycontr(>lofupperlimbexerciseduringthewalk-likelowerlimbexercise,weexaminedtheeffect()finsertionphasesofunilateralshoulderflexionandextensiononthewalk-likelowerliml)exercise.NinemalesubjectsperformedsteppingwithholdingtheirupperlimbSinlateralsideofthebody,inthefrequencyofl20times/min.Theyperformedaslightflexion()rextensionofrightshoulderinresponsetoalightsignalwhilestepping.AlightsignalwerepresentedatO,100,200,300and400msecaftercontactofrightorleftfoot.Thesummarvoftheresultswasshownbelow.1)Intheconditionofshoulderflexion,whenthemuscleonsetofanteriordeltoidexistedbetweenOmsecand398msecafterleftfootcontactandbetweenl50msecand398msecafterrightfootcontact,onestepintervalinwhichtheonsetofanteriordelt()i(1activitywascontainedoronestepintervalfollowingbyit,orbothweresignificantlyshortened.2)Intheconditionofshoulderextension,whenthemuscleOnsetofposteriordelt()idexistedbetWeenlOOmsecand298msecafterrightfootcontactandbetween200msecan(1248msecafterleftfootcontact,onestepintervalinwhichtheonsetofanteriordelt()i(1actiyitywascontainedoronestepintervalfollowingbyit,orbpthweresignificantlyshortened.3)Inbothconditionsoftheshouldermovement,theremarkableshorteningofstel)cycleWasappeardontwophasesinthestepsycle.Oneofthemwaswhentheactiviti(g,sofanteriorandposteriordeltoidstartedbeforethepeakoftheirmUscleactivitiesinthenaturalstepping・AnotherphaseWascOrrespondedtothetimethatthesemuscleswert'notaCtivatedinthenaturalstepping.Itisconceivablethattheseresultssuggestanaspectofintegrationoftheinterlimbreflexinthevoluntarycontrolofupperlimbexerciseduringthewalk-likelowerliml)●exerc1se．ReferenceS1)Delwaide,P.J.,Figiel,C.andRichelle,C.(1977)EffectsofposturalchangeSoftheupperlimbonrefiextransmissioninthelowerlimb.J・Neurosurg.Psychiat.,40,616-621.EffectofShoulderMovementonWalk-LikeLowerLimbExercise 552)Gernandt,B.E.andMegirian,D.(1961)AscendingpropriospinalmeChanisms.J.Neurophysio1.,24,364-376.3)Gernandt,B.E.andShimamUra,M.(1961)Mechanisumsofinterlimbreflexesincat.J.Neurophysio1.,24,665-676.4)Jackson,J.H・(1898)Relationsofdifferentdivisionsofthecentralnervoussystemtooneanotherandtopartsofthebody.Lancet,In:SelectedwritingsofJohnHughlingsJackson,vol・I1,Tailor,J.(Ed.),(1932),HodderandStoughton,London,422.443."5)Lloyd,D.P.C.(1942)Mediationofdescendinglongspinalreflexactivity.J・Neurophysio1.,6,435-458.6)Paillard,J.(1960):．Thepatterningofskilledmovement.In:Handbookofphysiology,sectionl:Neurophysiology,vol.Ⅲ,Field,J.(Ed),AmericanPhysiologicalSociety,Washngton,1679.1708.7)Patla,A.E.(1986)Adaptationofposturalresponsetovoluntaryarmraiscsduringlocomotioninhumans・Neurosci.Letters,68,334-338.8)Toyama,H.andFujiwara,K.(1990)Interferenceofupperlimbsexercisctotheperodiclowerlimbsexercisewithdifferentautomatizedlevels・Jpn.J.Phys・FitnessSportsMed.,39,44-52.9)Toyama,H.andFujiwara,K・(1990)Interferencebetweenupperlimbsexerciscandthelowerlimbsexerciseinrhythmicalskilltraineesofupperlimb.Biomechanicsl990,JapanescSocietyofBiome.chanics(Eds.),MedicalPress,Tokyo,pp.103.107.10)Toyama,H.,Fujiwara,K､,Asai,H,andYamasllina,T.(1990)Interferenceofasingleupperlimbsexerciseonthewalkingcycle.Jpn.J.Hum.Posture,10,143-148.11)Toyama,H・andFujiwara,K.(1991)Interferencebetweenupperlimbsexerciscandlowerlimbsexercise.Ann.Sci.KanazawaUniv.,28,39-47.

交叉性神経支配の関与する歩行様下肢運動に対する一側肩関節屈曲運動と伸展運動の挿入相の影響

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交叉性神経支配の関与する歩行様下肢運動に対する一側肩関節屈曲運動と伸展運動の挿入相の影響

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