Previous studies of political socialization have regarded a modern state in the same light as a political community, and have not examined political integration fully. The "Nation state", which is a common type of state in this century needs national identity among its people. However most modern states are founded on hegemony groups\u27 interests. So the so-called "nation state" is a fictitious community. In this sense how the people build up their identity to their "nation state" as a fictitious community is a significant problem for not only the study of the state but also the study of political socialization. In this paper I will divide national identity into two hypothetical aspects - "nation consciousness" and "country consciousness". Focusing on "country consciousness", I will examine functions of music education in primary school, in integrating children into the people, through an analysis of music textbooks and teaching methods in the early twentieth century in Japan
