Borup, Mads

Borup, M.

Online Research Database In Technology

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(Author). (2008). Nordic energy innovation systems - patterns of need integration and co-operation.Sound/Visual production (digital)Nordic energy innovation systems - patterns of need integration and co-operation Mads BorupNORIA -energy policy seminar, Oslo, Dec. 2008Project by:BI Norwegian School of ManagementChalmers University of TechnologyTechnical University of Denmark (Risø)1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar2 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkBackground: Why is it relevant?• Innovation perspective is increasingly relevant for the energy area– Privatisation and globalisation tendencies– Understanding change and development as• Interplay between private and public actors(not top-down planning)• Dynamics of change seen on a systemic level(not only one actor group or one type of activities)• Major industry area - huge economy and activity area• Energy policy has until now not built on innovation system insight• but analytical knowledge has started to be built up – use it!• Nordic strongholds- Visible in the general picture of energy innovation on global level- Specific competences on a number of energy technologies- General level competences (cultural level; general innovation system)- synergies and interaction in the innovation systems1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar3 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkNordic in the world: Biomass for heat & power 0%20%40%60%80%100%PapersCitationsPatentsGov. R&DMarketROWUSAJapanEUNordenSources: see report1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar4 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkNordic in the world: Solar cells 0%20%40%60%80%100%PapersCitationsPatentsGov. R&DMarketIndustryROWUSAJapanEUNordenSources: see report1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar5 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkNordic in the world: Wind energy0%20%40%60%80%100%PapersCitationsPatentsGov. R&DMarketIndustryROWUSAJapanEUNordenSources: see report0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70APM - Mærsk  A/S    Danske Bank A/S    ISS Holding A/S    Arla Foods Amba    Carlsberg A/S    Danish Crown Amba    Novo Nordisk A/S    Dong Energy A/S    TDC A/S    Vestas A/S    Nokia Oyj    Stora Enso Oyj    Neste Oil Oyj    UPM-Kymmene Oyj    Kesko Oyj    SOK    Metsäliitto-konserni    Outokumpu Oyj    Metso Oyj    Tamro Oyj    StatoilHydro ASA    Norsk Hydro ASA    Telenor ASA    Orkla ASA    Aker Solutions ASA    Yara International ASA    Total E&P Norge AS    Exxonmobil E&P Norway AS    ExxonMobil    Norgesgruppen ASA    Volvo, AB Ericsson    Vattenfall AB    Skanska ABSony Ericsson MobileSCAElectrolux - koncernen    Volvo Personvagnar AB    TeliaSonera AB    Sandvik ABBillion EuroEnergy technology: major industry areaTop–ten lists of largest companies in Sweden, Norway, Finland and DenmarkRed bars indicate energy related businesses1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar7 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkBackground: Why is it relevant? II• Innovation perspective is increasingly relevant for the energy area– Privatisation and globalisation tendencies– Understanding change and development as• Interplay between private and public actors(not top-down planning)• Dynamics of change seen on a systemic level(not only one actor group or one type of activities)• Major industry area - huge economy and activity area• Energy policy has until now not built on innovation system insight• but analytical knowledge has started to be built up – use it!• Nordic strongholds- Visible in the general picture of energy innovation on global level- Specific competences on a number of energy technologies- General level competences (cultural level; general innovation system)- synergies and interaction in the innovation systems1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar8 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCultural characteristics Power distance and cooperative vs. individualistic culture (‘femine’ vs. ‘masculine’)     Power distance Feminine - Masculine Source: Swentec 2007, IRIC (Geert Hofstede)1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar9 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkNeed integrationMeeting between technological visions and potentialsand the actual needs and demands Three overall categories of processes:• Integration by using (learning by using; user-driven innovation)• Integration through public discussion and networks• Integration through regulation and planning Needs integration: The complex interaction between   Technology push                Demand pull 1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar10 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkProject objectivesNordic Energy Innovation Systems• Assess, compare, and make additions to the existing knowledge of the Nordic energy innovation systems• Investigate patterns of cooperation and interaction– Dynamics of the energy innovation systems• Actors, networks• Learning types– Integrations between Needs and Technology potentials– Co-operation in public energy R&D programmes• Investigate a number of indicators of innovation• Contribute to the policy learning from the insight in the energy innovation systems• New technologies/renewables: primarily Bioenergy, Solar cells, Hydrogen/FC and Wind1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar11 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark3 main results - I1. Significant diversity in the Nordic energy innovation systems- between countries- between technology areas in the individual countriesNo common Nordic energy innovation system- (bioenergy to some extent an exception between Finland and Sweden, and broader)Policy makers, ministries etc. should be aware of the variations and capable of taking the differences into consideration. - Maintain a ’strategic intelligence’ on the specific innovation systems and the individual technology areas1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar12 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark3 main results -II A2. Energy innovation systems are typically closely connected to and anchored in existing industries and competence areasWhere we have seen strong industrial clusters emerging, this is clearly significant:- Solar cells in Norway: electro-metallurgical industry (existing industry and new entrepreneurial companies) and natural resources (silicon)- Bioenergy:- Finland and Sweden: wood industry, pulp & paper industry, CHP and district heating industries and machine industry (mostly Finland) - Denmark: agriculture, CHP/district heating, machine industry- Recent years: biotech industry and science- Wind power in Denmark: Agriculture (organisation traditions); machine industry1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar13 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark3 main results -II B• Lessons for policy makers:– New innovation systems and new technologies do not develop from scratch; grow from existing– Longer lasting, complex, historical developments• Important for policy makers to have awareness of the competence bases and to identify new opportunities from that• Different dimensions of existing bases: – Natural resources– Industrial bases– Existing energy systems / energy regimes• Both barrier and resource – spaces for development needed1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar14 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark3 main results -III3. Learning-by-doing/integration of needs through application is a type of knowledge creation that is of significant importance and widespread in the Nordic energy innovation systemsMost energy technologies – Fuel cell development an exceptionNordic countries have excellent and well-developed competences in use- driven innovation.The Policy lesson is to consciously employ learning-by-using / learning-by-doing in the innovation and energy policies in a strategic way.- Do not only focus on learning through formalised and academic knowledge production, but make learning-by-using/learning-by-doing and formalised knowledge production support and enforce each other.1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar15 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes - Norway0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopBioenergy H&P Biofuels Wind Hydrogen/FCSolar cells CO2 seq Other1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar16 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes - Sweden0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopBioenergy H&P Biofuels Wind Hydrogen/FC Solar cells Energy efficiency1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar17 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopSweden Norway Denmark Finland Iceland Nordic1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar18 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopSweden Norway Denmark Finland1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar19 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkOpportunities for joint Nordic initiatives?  I• Nordic bioenergy cluster and export of bioenergy technology– Relatively well-established innovation system– World leading positions on application and knowledge production– Considerable networks between Nordic countries– Can be developed towards an actual industrial cluster of international strength.– Requires a stronger emphasis on business development, industrialisation and export of bioenergy technology than until now.– Two legs:• Identification of export markets and exploration of export opportunities.• Continued networking and information exchange about industrial competences, application experiences and potentials of new and advanced areas of scientific knowledge in connection with bioenergy.• Gasification of biomass– Nordic countries have built up considerable stock of knowledge and practical experience on gasification technologies for biomass– Leading competences on a number of points, both concerning gasification of materials based on wood and on materials from agriculture and farming– Networks in the Nordic countries already exist to an extent– Further support can lead to an industrial cluster with strong competitive advantages– Timing essential - clusters are being built up abroad (Germany and Austria)1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar20 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkOpportunities for joint Nordic initiatives?   II• Integration of solar cells in construction industry and buildings.– Domestic markets and the application side are relatively weak.– Yet, this is one of the most promising technologies in the longer term and the technology is currently being industrialised on a large scale in Germany.– The low integration in the construction industry and building traditions is one of the main gaps in the Nordic innovation systems.– A joint Nordic strategic effort for integration of solar cells in the construction industry and in building components may, therefore, be justified.• Nordic markets, networks and competences in the wind energy area.• Strong Danish wind turbine industry• Important sub-supplier networks in the Nordic countries• Support of new emerging competence areas within e.g.– offshore technology– turbine components1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar21 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark3 biggest challenges facing Nordic decision makers in the energy area the next decade?1. Climate and sustainability challenge2. Competitiveness of Nordic energy technology industry3. Transport sector: Reduction of energy use and emissionsWhat is needed to address these:- Ambitious and innovation-driving requirements to the energy sector and the markets- Support of experimentation and R&D- Continued discussion and ambitious goal setting- Be active, create lead competences and lead marketsRead the report! 1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar22 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar23 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkParticipation in public R&D programmes - Actors0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%Energy compns.Business (other)ResearchAuthoritiesTSI - DK onlyOtherSwedenNorwayFinlandDenmarkIcelandNordic1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar24 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes - Denmark0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopBioenergy H&P Biofuels Wind Hydrogen/FC Solar cells Energy efficiency1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar25 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes - Finland0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopBioenergy H&P Biofuels Wind Hydrogen/FCSolar cells Energy efficiency Other1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar26 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes - Iceland0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopBioenergy H&P Biofuels Wind Solar cells Geothermal Other1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar27 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkNeed integration dynamics – 3 overall categories Learning by using Broad discussion Regulation Norway       Wind  0 (intn. sub-supply: +) 0 0    Solar cells + + intn. markets 0 0 (intn. markets: + +)    Bio energy 0 (+) (+)    Hydrogen / fuel cells + + / 0 + / + + / +    Small Hydro + + + (+) Sweden       Wind + % % % + (> 2005: + +)    Solar cells (+) intn. markets 0 (+)    Bio energy + + + % + +    Hydrogen / fuel cells 0 (+) 0     Denmark       Wind  + + + + + + + + +    Solar cells (+) intn. markets + + (+)    Bio energy + + + + + +    Hydrogen / fuel cells (+) + / 0 (+) / (+)     Finland       Wind  0 (sub-supply: + +) (+) (+)    Solar cells (+) ? %    Bio energy + + + + + +    Hydrogen / fuel cells (+) 0? (+)     Iceland       Hydrogen / fuel cells + + + +  

Nordic energy innovation systems - patterns of need integration and co-operation

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Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 16, 2017Nordic energy innovation systems - patterns of need integration and co-operationBorup, MadsPublication date:2008Link back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Borup, M. (2008). Nordic energy innovation systems - patterns of need integration and co-operation[Sound/Visual production (digital)]. NORIA - Energy Policy Seminar, Oslo, Norway, 01/12/2008Nordic energy innovation systems - patterns of need integration and co-operation Mads BorupNORIA -energy policy seminar, Oslo, Dec. 2008Project by:BI Norwegian School of ManagementChalmers University of TechnologyTechnical University of Denmark (Risø)1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar2 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkBackground: Why is it relevant?• Innovation perspective is increasingly relevant for the energy area– Privatisation and globalisation tendencies– Understanding change and development as• Interplay between private and public actors(not top-down planning)• Dynamics of change seen on a systemic level(not only one actor group or one type of activities)• Major industry area - huge economy and activity area• Energy policy has until now not built on innovation system insight• but analytical knowledge has started to be built up – use it!• Nordic strongholds- Visible in the general picture of energy innovation on global level- Specific competences on a number of energy technologies- General level competences (cultural level; general innovation system)- synergies and interaction in the innovation systems1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar3 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkNordic in the world: Biomass for heat & power 0%20%40%60%80%100%PapersCitationsPatentsGov. R&DMarketROWUSAJapanEUNordenSources: see report1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar4 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkNordic in the world: Solar cells 0%20%40%60%80%100%PapersCitationsPatentsGov. R&DMarketIndustryROWUSAJapanEUNordenSources: see report1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar5 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkNordic in the world: Wind energy0%20%40%60%80%100%PapersCitationsPatentsGov. R&DMarketIndustryROWUSAJapanEUNordenSources: see report0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70APM - Mærsk  A/S    Danske Bank A/S    ISS Holding A/S    Arla Foods Amba    Carlsberg A/S    Danish Crown Amba    Novo Nordisk A/S    Dong Energy A/S    TDC A/S    Vestas A/S    Nokia Oyj    Stora Enso Oyj    Neste Oil Oyj    UPM-Kymmene Oyj    Kesko Oyj    SOK    Metsäliitto-konserni    Outokumpu Oyj    Metso Oyj    Tamro Oyj    StatoilHydro ASA    Norsk Hydro ASA    Telenor ASA    Orkla ASA    Aker Solutions ASA    Yara International ASA    Total E&P Norge AS    Exxonmobil E&P Norway AS    ExxonMobil    Norgesgruppen ASA    Volvo, AB Ericsson    Vattenfall AB    Skanska ABSony Ericsson MobileSCAElectrolux - koncernen    Volvo Personvagnar AB    TeliaSonera AB    Sandvik ABBillion EuroEnergy technology: major industry areaTop–ten lists of largest companies in Sweden, Norway, Finland and DenmarkRed bars indicate energy related businesses1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar7 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkBackground: Why is it relevant? II• Innovation perspective is increasingly relevant for the energy area– Privatisation and globalisation tendencies– Understanding change and development as• Interplay between private and public actors(not top-down planning)• Dynamics of change seen on a systemic level(not only one actor group or one type of activities)• Major industry area - huge economy and activity area• Energy policy has until now not built on innovation system insight• but analytical knowledge has started to be built up – use it!• Nordic strongholds- Visible in the general picture of energy innovation on global level- Specific competences on a number of energy technologies- General level competences (cultural level; general innovation system)- synergies and interaction in the innovation systems1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar8 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCultural characteristics Power distance and cooperative vs. individualistic culture (‘femine’ vs. ‘masculine’)     Power distance Feminine - Masculine Source: Swentec 2007, IRIC (Geert Hofstede)1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar9 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkNeed integrationMeeting between technological visions and potentialsand the actual needs and demands Three overall categories of processes:• Integration by using (learning by using; user-driven innovation)• Integration through public discussion and networks• Integration through regulation and planning Needs integration: The complex interaction between   Technology push                Demand pull 1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar10 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkProject objectivesNordic Energy Innovation Systems• Assess, compare, and make additions to the existing knowledge of the Nordic energy innovation systems• Investigate patterns of cooperation and interaction– Dynamics of the energy innovation systems• Actors, networks• Learning types– Integrations between Needs and Technology potentials– Co-operation in public energy R&D programmes• Investigate a number of indicators of innovation• Contribute to the policy learning from the insight in the energy innovation systems• New technologies/renewables: primarily Bioenergy, Solar cells, Hydrogen/FC and Wind1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar11 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark3 main results - I1. Significant diversity in the Nordic energy innovation systems- between countries- between technology areas in the individual countriesNo common Nordic energy innovation system- (bioenergy to some extent an exception between Finland and Sweden, and broader)Policy makers, ministries etc. should be aware of the variations and capable of taking the differences into consideration. - Maintain a ’strategic intelligence’ on the specific innovation systems and the individual technology areas1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar12 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark3 main results -II A2. Energy innovation systems are typically closely connected to and anchored in existing industries and competence areasWhere we have seen strong industrial clusters emerging, this is clearly significant:- Solar cells in Norway: electro-metallurgical industry (existing industry and new entrepreneurial companies) and natural resources (silicon)- Bioenergy:- Finland and Sweden: wood industry, pulp & paper industry, CHP and district heating industries and machine industry (mostly Finland) - Denmark: agriculture, CHP/district heating, machine industry- Recent years: biotech industry and science- Wind power in Denmark: Agriculture (organisation traditions); machine industry1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar13 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark3 main results -II B• Lessons for policy makers:– New innovation systems and new technologies do not develop from scratch; grow from existing– Longer lasting, complex, historical developments• Important for policy makers to have awareness of the competence bases and to identify new opportunities from that• Different dimensions of existing bases: – Natural resources– Industrial bases– Existing energy systems / energy regimes• Both barrier and resource – spaces for development needed1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar14 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark3 main results -III3. Learning-by-doing/integration of needs through application is a type of knowledge creation that is of significant importance and widespread in the Nordic energy innovation systemsMost energy technologies – Fuel cell development an exceptionNordic countries have excellent and well-developed competences in use- driven innovation.The Policy lesson is to consciously employ learning-by-using / learning-by-doing in the innovation and energy policies in a strategic way.- Do not only focus on learning through formalised and academic knowledge production, but make learning-by-using/learning-by-doing and formalised knowledge production support and enforce each other.1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar15 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes - Norway0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopBioenergy H&P Biofuels Wind Hydrogen/FCSolar cells CO2 seq Other1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar16 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes - Sweden0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopBioenergy H&P Biofuels Wind Hydrogen/FC Solar cells Energy efficiency1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar17 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopSweden Norway Denmark Finland Iceland Nordic1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar18 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopSweden Norway Denmark Finland1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar19 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkOpportunities for joint Nordic initiatives?  I• Nordic bioenergy cluster and export of bioenergy technology– Relatively well-established innovation system– World leading positions on application and knowledge production– Considerable networks between Nordic countries– Can be developed towards an actual industrial cluster of international strength.– Requires a stronger emphasis on business development, industrialisation and export of bioenergy technology than until now.– Two legs:• Identification of export markets and exploration of export opportunities.• Continued networking and information exchange about industrial competences, application experiences and potentials of new and advanced areas of scientific knowledge in connection with bioenergy.• Gasification of biomass– Nordic countries have built up considerable stock of knowledge and practical experience on gasification technologies for biomass– Leading competences on a number of points, both concerning gasification of materials based on wood and on materials from agriculture and farming– Networks in the Nordic countries already exist to an extent– Further support can lead to an industrial cluster with strong competitive advantages– Timing essential - clusters are being built up abroad (Germany and Austria)1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar20 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkOpportunities for joint Nordic initiatives?   II• Integration of solar cells in construction industry and buildings.– Domestic markets and the application side are relatively weak.– Yet, this is one of the most promising technologies in the longer term and the technology is currently being industrialised on a large scale in Germany.– The low integration in the construction industry and building traditions is one of the main gaps in the Nordic innovation systems.– A joint Nordic strategic effort for integration of solar cells in the construction industry and in building components may, therefore, be justified.• Nordic markets, networks and competences in the wind energy area.• Strong Danish wind turbine industry• Important sub-supplier networks in the Nordic countries• Support of new emerging competence areas within e.g.– offshore technology– turbine components1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar21 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark3 biggest challenges facing Nordic decision makers in the energy area the next decade?1. Climate and sustainability challenge2. Competitiveness of Nordic energy technology industry3. Transport sector: Reduction of energy use and emissionsWhat is needed to address these:- Ambitious and innovation-driving requirements to the energy sector and the markets- Support of experimentation and R&D- Continued discussion and ambitious goal setting- Be active, create lead competences and lead marketsRead the report! 1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar22 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar23 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkParticipation in public R&D programmes - Actors0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%Energy compns.Business (other)ResearchAuthoritiesTSI - DK onlyOtherSwedenNorwayFinlandDenmarkIcelandNordic1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar24 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes - Denmark0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopBioenergy H&P Biofuels Wind Hydrogen/FC Solar cells Energy efficiency1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar25 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes - Finland0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopBioenergy H&P Biofuels Wind Hydrogen/FCSolar cells Energy efficiency Other1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar26 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkCooperation patterns in R&D programmes - Iceland0%30%60%Res - En comRes - BusnAuth - ComPubl-Priv, otherEn com - BusnOther coopNo coopBioenergy H&P Biofuels Wind Solar cells Geothermal Other1/12/2008NORIA-energy policy seminar27 DTU Management Engineering, Technical University of DenmarkNeed integration dynamics – 3 overall categories Learning by using Broad discussion Regulation Norway       Wind  0 (intn. sub-supply: +) 0 0    Solar cells + + intn. markets 0 0 (intn. markets: + +)    Bio energy 0 (+) (+)    Hydrogen / fuel cells + + / 0 + / + + / +    Small Hydro + + + (+) Sweden       Wind + % % % + (> 2005: + +)    Solar cells (+) intn. markets 0 (+)    Bio energy + + + % + +    Hydrogen / fuel cells 0 (+) 0     Denmark       Wind  + + + + + + + + +    Solar cells (+) intn. markets + + (+)    Bio energy + + + + + +    Hydrogen / fuel cells (+) + / 0 (+) / (+)     Finland       Wind  0 (sub-supply: + +) (+) (+)    Solar cells (+) ? %    Bio energy + + + + + +    Hydrogen / fuel cells (+) 0? (+)     Iceland       Hydrogen / fuel cells + + + +  

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Nordic energy innovation systems - patterns of need integration and co-operation

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