This quantitative study aimed to determine the differences between rural and urban residencies related to home-based appraisal (including care burden and positive appraisal) for Japanese primary family caregivers of the elderly with extensive care needs. The study examined a sample of 196 caregivers (106 rural, 90 urban), and stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed. Resident location was significantly associated with care burden, and each factor associated with the appraisal, especially care burden, differed between rural and urban areas. The social and physical environment is thus a necessary consideration to support family caregivers and the elderly requiring home-based care.Thesis of Imaiso, Junko / 今磯 純子 博士学位論文(金沢大学 / 大学院医薬保健学総合研究科