Ida Mitsuo

井田 光雄

Kanazawa University Repository for Academic Resources

--23ーThe Science Reports of the Kanaza，wa University Vol. H. No. 2 pp.23--30. March 1954 On tJ，e Dielectrics treated by an Electric Field 1. Mitsuo IDA (Re白 ived21. Dec. 1:153) I ntroduction Withrespect to the properties of the dielectrics solidified under an electric field， くl)several researches have been made in connection with the electrets. For some years the author has been studying the properties of the dielectrics gener-_ ally treated by an electric field， and a report of his experiments together with the discussion of the dielectrical properties concerning cetyl alcohol， lauryl alcohol and amilan (polymer) which have hydrogen bonds are given below. Experimental procedure The arrangement of the experin;ental apparatus is ilILstrated schematically in Fig. 1. a。型空f竺Js ιよ」Fig 1. Arrangement of the experimental apparatus The sample was placed in the plate condenser C， whose electrodes Cdiameter : 7.4 crn) 物 wereinsulated by three glass spacers (thickness : 1.4 mm). The surfaces of the electrodes were nickel plated. The capacity of lhe condenser was approximately 34/111 F. The condenser was put into an air thermostat A. The temperature of the sample was recorded by a copper constantan thermo・junctionT. Sin白 thecondition oE the solidification of the meIted sample affected the experimentaI results， the following procedure was taken except in special cases. After removing the cover G the current of the heater H was. opened， and the samplewas cooled spontaneously. When the ccoling was made under an e1E:ctric field， switchs S and Sl> or S and S2 'Were closed， and opened after one hour. All measurenments were mad one day after the solidification. In order to measure the dielectric constant and electric conductivity at the same temperature， switch S was - 24- MIDA connected with S8， S4， S5 by tumes. First， S was connected with S8' and the dielectric constant was measured by a low frequency bridge under the‘frequency 2 K C. per seeond. The balancing of the bridge was detecled by ihe method as shown in Fig. 2" which can read the maximum current bya microammeter. Fig. 2. NuIl detector . Nextly， S was connected with S4 and位lemeasurement of high frequency 3 M. C. W<lS made by a heterodyne beat method (Fig. 3). 6SA7 6V6 包CFig. 3. Beat frequency cscilIator Finally S was connected with 85 and the electric conductivity was measured by aバgalvanometer. The time rate of the teinperature rise was so small that the tIme nec四saryfor the sample to rise from the room temperature to the meHing point was about four hours. Therefore the eHect of the current， which was resulted when the sample solidified under an electric field was warmed again， perhaps could be neglected.ω. (3).(4) Experimentαl Resultsαnd Discussions Cetyl alcohol Crude cetyl alcohol was once fractionated at a reduced pressure using a fractionating tube of 1 m in length. The mJting point was 48.5旦-490The fact that the dielectric constant oI the sample solidified under a D. C. electric -25一field will decrease from the normal v<llue (say Do C. eUect) has alrεarly むeenrq~ortεd. 全長 The author care[ully confirmed this. And the fact that the diekctric constant of the s3mple solidifiecl under an A C. (fiOcycle) eledric field wil1 inrcease aむovethe normal value (say Ao C. eftεct) W2S newly founcl. Both eHects are shown as in Fig. 4. Curve (1) is for a sample solidified without electric field， curve (2) and (B) C01"1"eιponc1s respcctively to the case where 1he sample WelS solidified l!Ilder the elεctric field 01' D. C. 1 I<V or A. C.l KV. Fig. 4 is for the measurements by the frequency:2 K.C. 1n 1he C2~~εof the frequency B M. C. per ~:econd ， bott! D. C. and A C. effects could not be found. For electric C'onductivity similar effects were found as shown in Fig. fi and Fig. G. Curve (2) in Fig. [) 1S for D. C effeft， and curve (2) In Fig. fi corresponds to A.C.εffer:t. the also 。nthe DicleclTics t?'caicd by臼11 Elcctric F'i仙一lト???? ?i(τ(ドグ ilLf:L Fig.4. D. C唱 effect3nd A. C cOl1stant (2， K. C.) {.Oυ やfJi :¥(10 200 ???????? ?J I¥ 1 SDη う"。20( h仰Fig. 6. AC. effect for the electric conducti vity D.C， e紅白ctfor the electric conductivlty Fig.5. K. Asai・Lecture :lt the Phys， 80c. Me巴tingat ()sal:3.， Ni)VeniberJ 1臼日O.‘' ←-2s - M. IDA /~一一一一一一一~一/ 1n order to find out the causes of ihe D. C， or A. C， efiect， ihe following prcc合dureswere attempted. ( 1) The electric current with the sample under an el巴ctric field was measured. The result is shown in Fig. 7 The curves Ol D. C. and A. C. are quite diHerent， in spile of the same /八一」一一 voltage 900 V， Fig守 7， Variation of the electric current with time (、2) W11en the sample w11ich had shown D C. effect was melted and solidified again， D. C. effεct a1most remained unchanged. ( 3) When the D. C. electric field was applied to tbe sample in liquid and removed as 800n as the solidification began. D. C. effect was not seen， ( Ll) In case the D. C. electric field was applied in the 801id slate (270C or 400C)， D. C. eHεct was seen. ( 5) A sample which had shown D. C. effi:ct was melted and solidified under an A. C. electric field. A C. ef[ect was seen. Ca向dt:1 ( 6) ，九Then th台 sample which had shown A C。，4dt "例"岬印。初 50ιFi宮， 8. Variation of A C effect with voltage く2K.C.)εffect was mel1ed and 宮olidifiedagain， A. C. effect remained aJmost unchanged. ( 7) When the A. C. electric field was applied in liquid and removアεdas scon as the solidificaLion began to take place， A.C. eHect was seen， though slightly. (8) When the A. C。εkctricfield was applied in solid， A. C. ef{ect was not conspicious. The eHect seems 10 be most remarkable if the A.C. electric field was applied continuously frorn the liquid 10 the solid. ( 9) The higher the A. C. voltage， the larger was the A. C. e{fect as shown in Fig¥8幽(10) When a sample which had s110wn A. C. effect was rnelted and wlidifJed under an D.C. eleclric ueld， some D.C. eHect tcok place. (11) The samples used in the experiment were not εxtra pure， but it 8eεmed that the less pure， the smalJer was the efたctof the electric field。From the preceding experimental results the author came to a conclusion as follows. ( 1) D.C. effect is due 10 ihe decrease of hydrogen 011 the Diclecir官、8t?・eaiedbyαη Elecfric .F?'rld 1. - '27 -bonds r田 ultedfromthe pl吠 onconduction in solid. ( '2) A. C. eHect is due to the increase of hydrogen bonds resultεd (r011 the aclion like a stirring by A. C. current when the liquid solidiues. ( n) Moreover， for the 'explanation o{ the experimental results， it is necessaτy to assnme that the structure of alcohol is not εreat1y clifferent whether it is liquicl or solid. (5) But for the verification of theE:e日uppositionthe author thinks it necessary to stuc1y some other properties. LU'lIryl !tTl・oholBernal くの has reported from his X ray sjudy the r01ational 1ransition of lauryl alcohol， but Otto (7) has 1:0t founc1 any anomalies. By thermal analysis Phillips and Mumforc1 ∞found the transition in the cooling curve. but not in lhe heating. FrOEch'.9) fOllnd the dielectric anomaly， which could not be detected by HoHman and Smyth.C1()ヲHoUman and Smyth purified 1he sample carefully， (ils m. p. was 2).50) and fOllnd the ~urve 部 shownin Fig. 9. 定6 /.併、h旬、町-s 」チ3 --司-<.-咽ゆ褐醐-.20 2'5 'ι 。 .2() ~O 。ιFig. ~). Dwlectric constant for pure sarnple (Hoffrnan and Srnyth) Fig. 10. Dielectric ('onstant for 'mpure sarnp!e (Hoffnnn 日ndSmyth) The curves at 0;5 K. C. and 5 K. C. coincide in cases 0干bothheaung and cooling. This shows there is nO anomaly. Furthermore they have shown the result as Fig. 10 in case of impure sample， and explained the maximum of the curve as the r倒 1tof the action of some impurities sllch as hyc1rate， and not as the result of transition of lauryl alcohol. And they supposed that Frosch was mistaken in conceiving the maximum due to hydrate as the transition phenomena.楽Hereupon 1he author measured the dielectric constant and clectric conductlVity in warming and cooling before he sludied the eflect o{ the electric field. 手i:. The author has had no oppot日nityof H~eing Frosch's original paper. The sample was fractionated as cetyl alcohol. Its m.p. was 22.5~230. 書長In order to compare the impurity with thaf of prior investigators， the electric conductivities in ljquid 〆areshown as follows. Hoffman and Smyth Frosch 17 X 1.0-10 42x 10-10 M. [DA ??? ????????、???????????? ? ?????，?????of The author results shown as in The 13 Cαpadt)f ，.、ι.、司，、800トイ ν、乎4 、12KC 、ー帯、、ヘ令%、"、叶、J 弘+¥ t 、(3 )浜‘、1 〆.ω‘， p、J寺、 i¥ (2) / . ， 、 ，??- 28ー'100 2KC 600 500 400 300 3MC Fig. 1. D.C. and A.C. e妊ectfor the dielectric constant. ??????'C 30 20 10 CatαCLttf ClLrrent 4000 /500 V 1200 0) 3000 2000 /000 2κc f)00 goo 600 ℃ 30 20 /0 ，20 30 'c Fig'. 12. Temperature dependence of the die. I白ctricconstant in the cooling process. Fig. 13. D.C. effed fot the eledric conductivity. It was kindly 0仔eredby Prof. J. Noguchi 母号。nthe Dulectrie.3 treaied by 白川 Eleo[J'μ Field L 2H --The transition phenOmeuel can thus be clearly seen both in Wal‘ming and but esp巴ciouslymore 80 in cooJing. ιυo1ing， 1n Fig. n and Fig. 12 the curv出 by2 K. C. anc1 g 1叫.C do not coincide， alld this fact shows that the sample (}f the author had theνurity Iower than of Hoffrnall and Smyth. Whel1 the sample w礼"solidiued under a D.C. electric fic!d， the results shown in the curve (2) il1 Fig. n and Fig. 13were obtained. Fig. 11 shows the maximum of the right side disappeared by the D. C. electric fic1d. By ιomparing with the case of cetyl a1cohol， itcall by assumed， therefore， that the maximum was due to the transition. From Fig. ls the same thing can be assumed. Conversely the maximum of the left side in Fig. 11 did not disappeared， but was somewhat elevated by the D. C. electic field. So it is supposed that the maximum wilI correspond to that oE irnpm・esample of Hof{man and Smyth. Therefore the transition seemed occur when the purity of the somple was between the purity and impurity of Hoffnle'ln and Smyth. It can be supposed that the transit.ion point was lowered by a minute impurity and appearecl before the melting. Such a faιt had oJready been measurement of specific. heat.く11)found by Kakiuchi， Sakurai and Suzuki in the When the sample was solidiJied under an A. C. electric field， the result was the curve (3) shown in Fig. Jl， but the explanation for this cannot be given satisEactorily. 11 the case of 3 M. C. measurements， nO electric field eEfect in both D. C. and A. C. was found as in the case of cetyl alcohol. Amilαn Amilan is a polymer as a Nylon which has hydrogen bonds. The sample was kindly offered by Toyo Rayon Co. 1ts m.p. was about 2100 • It was titted between the electrodes of the condenseτhy me1ting it in vacuum tG prevじntoxdization. The dielectric constant curve was as (1) in Fig 14 or Fig. 1o_ When the sample was treated by D. C. electric field in the solid state (] 400)， its current RIJO 600 400 2()O (apQcil"，!f /" /'"， ←一一一/三<~/ ， / / / 一一一一一一一-30 -5'0 'l(! 卯 110 130 ・cFig. 14. D. C. effect-for the dielectric constantく2K固 C.)Capadty ( 4) ヲ500 一一一一一→一円 一-~一一一一一一ゐ一一------'一一一一一一←一 .-'rO ，0 80 !QiJ ι Fig. 16. A. C. effect for the dielectric constantく2K.C.) 一-30 一 M IAD was about 200，I1A， for 14 hours， and the result was as in Fig. 14 showing a decrease of dielectric constant. When the sample was tr朗 tedby A. C electric field in the solid state (1400)， its current was about 0.7 mA， fo1' 5 homs， and the result was as (2) in Flg. 15 showing a1so a decr田町 ofdielectric constant. Although these treatments were made in vacuum some exdization and thermal decomposition might have taken place血 Butthe cause Ot the electric e{fect sεemed chiefly due to the decrease of hydrogen bonds. In conclusion the author wishes to express his Sl11cere thanks to Dr. Y. Kakiuchi and Professor H. Shyoji for their kind gU1dance. He a180 expresses his gratitude 10 Toyo Rayon Co. for the gifts o( amilan， and to Mr. A. Tanal王aand T. Koikeda for theu・cooperation.Reference昌( 1) Gutmann: Rev. Mod. Phys. 20 (1948)， 475. ( 2 ) G.Groetyinger and H. KretEch: Z.f Phys. 103 (1933)， 337. (3) H. Frei and G. Groetyinger: Phys. Z. 37 ， 720. ('1) Y. Kakiuchi: Sci. L P. C. R. 40 (1943)， 18H. ( [) Pauling: The Naiure o[ the chemic司1bond (19主8入308⑨( ()) Bernal: Nature 123 (lD32)， 8'70. ( '7) Otto: Z. Physik. Chem. 193 218 ( 8) Phi1lip andはu.mford J. Chem. Soc. 663. ( 9) Frosch: Ann. Physik. '12(1942)，254. (10) 1. D園 Hoffman and C.P. Smyth: 1. Am. Chem Soc. 71 (1946) ，もヲ1.(11) Y. KakiuchL T. Saku1'ai and T. Suzuki: 1. Phys. Soc. Jap. 5 (1%0)， 369. 

On the Dielectrics treated by an Electric Field. I

The Scienc"， I<eports 0:[ the Kanazawa University， VOL II， :No固 1.pp. 51-~主)， I¥.1arch， 1955 On the Dielectrics treated hy an Electric li'ield H. By Mitsuo IDA Introduclio向51 1n the previous paper1) the author r>eported the fact that thθdielectric constant of cetyl alcohol if solidified under a D. C. electric field 01司 made[0 :flow with D. C. curr四1tin solid state apparentJy decreased (D. C.む whilethe value of the same substance solidified under an A. C. electric field increased C. effect). Since the11 sonxe experiments have been made tofind out the causes of these phenom日Ja. The results given are fa1' f1'om conc1usive‘ but the author wishes to make an intermediate report on some of them. Besides， some reports of experimental results concerning palmitamide and pentaery-thritol which have hydrogen bonds are given below. CefJI/ au"h，，/ (1) Relations between A. C聞記ffectand frequency. A sample :filled between the electrodes of a platと conch':l1ser，was heated abov陪 theme1ting point and then cooled to the room tempera1:ure under an alternating elec1:ric :field supplied from a conmmtator ancl a D. C. electγic sourι，e of lOOOV. Fig. 1 (a). The oscilIogram of the electric voltage was as shown in Fig. 1 (b)， when the frequency was J.ess th訂1several times por second， but， as the frequency increaseclヲ thecurve was consiclerably distorted owing to the defect of the brush cOl1tact of the commutator肉The問 sultsobtained by this procedure are as follows. When the fre、qu巴ncywas several times per second， the A. C. e日前c1:was nearly invisible‘but it il1creased lNith th'0 ftモquencyヲreaching the sat山内atio11value with the frequen cy of 30 per second. Some examples are shown in Fig. 2. (十)Fig. 1 ( a ) F-i 戸 IJ L J 句町四~__...，J( b ) ComrDutator and. oscillogralll 11 each case， the electric field was :for 3 minutes in liquid and 12 minutes in solid， ancl the dieJectric constant was mea:叩、red the low frequency briclge under the frequency 01 2. KωC. per second as in thεprevious paper.1) (2) Change of邑pecificheat. According to Smyth and his collabo町ratorsわめの the dielectric anomaly of attributed 町 oundM.IDA 52 ."'¥ 川• ノ/ t...'・=ニ120 normal solid a1cohol was to the rotation of molecules their long axis in solid phase. Therefore it seemed useful to find out how the capacit、900 10〆肘700 I capaclt)' 900 700 / treatment by an elec仕icfield change the specific heat of a1cohol. In仕lebeginn・ing several experimental procedures based on the principle of di妊erentialthermal analysis were attempted using the specimens themselves which had been treated by an electric field wi血outpowdering them， but rぬ goodrepro-ducibility of也eresult could be obtained， butwhen仕lemethod of using powdered specimen was attempted the author succeeded in obtaining ducibility. (Experimental~apparatus ) The experimental apparatus is shown in Fig. 3. C is a copper block in diameter and 3 cm in repro-soロle。cペハ40 30 501 capacity 67メ町300 700 500 900 40 30メeC500 300 capacity 500 700 900 of 5 cm thickness with two holes ( dia!meter 1.6 cm， depth 2 cm) arranged symmet-rically about the α泊.tre. In仕leone hole cetyl a1cohol was filled， and， in other， paraffin (m. p. about 550)， as the reference substance. T1 is a thermo-junction of copper-constantan wires (0.5 mm in diameter). The sensitivity galvanometer was 3.3 cm deflection at 1m sCa!le per degree. The water of the bath was heatJed by an electric heater， and the time rate of the飴m開 raturerise was about 10C per minute. Care was taken that仕recondition of the temperature ri田 shouldbe the same al the time， and the conditions of the heat conduction to the two samples should be equal. For instance， two samples were equa11y powdered， and equal quantity was filled under equal conditions， and two junctions were set in the antrモofthe sa!mples at the equal depth. 'C 40 300 ??of the Fig.2. 1」ii+)'( t; !J，"-;r" ( -) Fig.3 Apparatus On t!le Du!edrzυ treatell わ.a.Jl .E!t:dri，" -1ょう"elrl.1 J. 53 The method of the t1・eatmentof the sample by an elect:ric field was as reported in the previous paper， and the vessul is shown i:n Fig. .3 Two u}ectrodes were nickel pIated and insulated by three glass spacers (thidmess 1. 4 mm)， and twり solidsamples iilJ;ere torn off f:rom the electrodes and each. was powdered in the 1YlOrtar. The de:fiection of the galvanometur alld the temperature of出ewater were obse1'ved. The relation between the temperatw・'eof the wat恐ralld that of the sample had been previously marked. (Experimental results) Both commercial crude cetyl alcohol and the 01吟 whichhad been once fractionated at a reduced pressur杭 wereused. But as the diffe1'ence between them was chiefiy in their transition points and qualititatively theywere neaTly alike， commercial crude samplewas mainly used. .9 gr at an experiment) The results are as folIows. A resultむft1のdiff切句。ntialthermal using para伍nand cetyl alcohol soliclified under an A. C. eIectric field 1000V /1.4. mm isshown in Fig¥4 as one exampJe. It 8eems that the two curves of both cases (with 01'口ofield) are app1'oximately cりincident，and that the heat of transition of both samples (明北th01' no field) a1モ nearlyequa1. The curve obtatined by using cetyl alcohol solidified under a D. c electric :field a1so coil1cided approximateJy w抗hth台 abovecurves. Therefore the heat of transition of cetyl a1cohol 8eems also not to ch日ngein the treatment ul1der a D. C. electric field. Subsquently t1e di妊erel1tialthermal allalysis using directly the two samples tlJeated with electrIC field and no field illstead of pal'a行inas the reference sample was attempted. The result of the case of using the sample so1iclified uncler A. C. electric field of 1000 V /1.4 111m is shown in 5 as 011e example. As shown in this， ilmost cases tho maximum of the curve was found in tho neighbourhood of t1e transition point. 1n the case of 1Jsing・thesample treated undel' D. C. electric neld a similョrcurve was also obtained. Now， as tho causes of showing 8uch a maximum the foUowing fa'Ctbrs are supposec1 (1) thゎc1ifferenceof the 1:eat conc1uc問tivity 〔わ the cli狂erence of the heat of transition (3) the differenDe of t1e transition point But (1) would not be reasonable j)('fiE'ction of g-alvanometel 1 GO?HOト] 20(，>1¥;1 H It'oho) PelraffIn ]00 目。-時開 no fj壬Id一一一ーい ithfle ld 60 -101-;0 + 30 4u 20 Fig. 4. Curves from the differentiaI thermal analysis 54 M， IDA Deflection of 15a l¥'anometer C Fig， 5匂 Curvesfror百 thediJ可erentialthermai analysis consid合ring the appearance of the minimum before the maximum， and (2) is unthinkable because of the of the maximum and出efact shown ロ Fig，4， Eventually a small dif合renceof the transition point will be the cause園Accordingly， ifthe treatr五日ntby an electric field does not ch乱立gethe value of the heat of transition， it must be conduded that the treatment will not the of mol.ecular rotation， 1n order to explain the effect of treatment an electric field upon the dielect1'ic constant some oth町 causesthan the rnolecular rotation mllst be consider合d，1n relation tむ the explanation the followimr sw:!!!pstio竹百只hlliprlrprpn十1.'1bv othe1' authors久的 mustぉ refered. h'ansition of alcohol will not the molecula1' rotation but proton transfe1'. On the other hand and 0 gawa concieved the proton which could be attributed to the molecuJar ro凶 ionIn the But it has not yet been concluded vv'hether the app乱rentchange of dielectric constant the treatment under 3:n electric おお isa volume effect or a surface effect due to space charges near the electrodes. (3) Other expεriment In order to confirm 1ivhether molecular 1'otation alone is the causεof the effect of treatment an electric field upon the dielectricc n-hεxadecylpalmitate was studied， The sl1bstance is knov¥Jl1 to have no bonds in solid but to have th合 molecularrotation.7) As a l'εsult neither the D， C. no1' A C， effect could be found， It seems， that the principal factor causing the effect of treatment under an electric tield is the proton transfer duεto the rotation. ])almz'tamz'de bonds as wel1 as the molecular Anomalous dielectric constant and electric conductivi匂T of palmitamide have b前日already attributed to the of p1'o主ons hyc1'ogen bonds by Kakiuchi'り andSakurai.H) The present author made an experiment to see whether the treatment by an electrIc field upon palmitamide wOll1d give an effect like cetyl alcohol and amilan，l) The method of thεexpεriment was as shown in the previous paper圃発 The result is shown in Fig. 6. Cu1'vε (1) is for a sample solidified 持 Th日 samplewas kindly offered by Dr. KakiuchL 。1ltlze L)z'eledrzピj~ treafecl毛y <111 Eleどtrz"c.F'ielaγ Zl. without eleotric :field. and correspond respectively to the case whe1'e D. C. cun・entof 1200 p A under 750 was made to f!ow fo1' 5 hou江I工色"3ortwo mo悦1'eho肌工旧!Ts.The effect was quite simila1' to that of amilan 1'eported in the p1'evious papε1'1) and the Cel'llSeS will similarly be attributed to the dec1'ease of hydrogen bonds due to the p1'oton t1'ansfe1'. On the other 喝 hanc吋d.fo1' the ve1'ifi一cation of the p1'oton c'、りondu♂lction1 th1'oug‘h paln羽li社tam註id，行き the simj)le methodsh Lapacitv 700 600 500 400 / バノ/山一平日抽日どケ--20U ごバD 60 55 (11 gO "(: was attempted. When D. C. current of some 3000ρA at 850 was made to fl:ow fo1' one hou1' ancl a half the evolved hyclrogen could be detectetヲbut not when A. C. current was usecl These p1'ope1'ties a1'e similar to those Fig. 6. D.C. efect for the dielectric CODst乱nt(2 K. C.) of 1'eS'o1'cin 1'eportecl in the previous pape1'.1D) Pellt aery t 111' i・rolRecently Ki1'iyama and his coworkersl) studiecl dielect1'ically pentae1'ythritol and found its anomaly attributed to its proton transfer. Because of the considerably rapid decomposition as well as sub1imation near the melting point. the effect of the treatment by an electric field couId not be con:fi1'med. but the proton transfer was easily verified by the above mentioned method.長 Theevolved hydrogen could be detected when D. C. current of some 4 mA at 188ロ wasmade to flow for half an hour， and 3;lso in the cas告of A. C. current when a current of some 3 mA at 1880 was made to flow fo1' 40 minutes. These properties are simila，: to those of amilan repo:rted in the previous paperY') The author wishes to express his sincεre thanks to Dr. Kakiuchi and P1'ofessor H. Shyoji for thei1' kind guidance， expressing at the same time the sense of his gratitude to Mr. 1. Morita ancl K. Nishijima for their cooperation. 味Thesample was kindly offered by Dr. Nita. 56 M.IDA References 1) M. Ida : Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. 2 (1954)， 23. 2) D. Hoffman and P. Smyth : J.Am. Chem. Soc. 71 (1949)， 431. 3) O. Baker and P. Smyth J. Am. Chem. Soc.回 (1950)，1229. 4) W. Crowe and P. Smyth J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72 (1950)， 4427. 5) G. Kremmling Z. Naturforsh. 8a (1953)， 708. 6) S. Kojima叩 dS. Ogawa : J.Phys. Soc. Japan 8 (1953)， 283. 7) W. Crowe， D. Hoffmann and P. Smyth : J.C. P. 20 (1952)， 550. 8) Y. Kakiuchi Proc. Jap. Acad. 23く1947)，65. 9) J. Sakurai J. Phys. S∞. Japan 6 (1951)， 199. 10) M. Ida Sci. Rep. Kanalawa Univ. 2 (1954)， 31. 11) R. Kiriyama， S.Yabumoto and I. Nitta : BulI. Chem. Soc. ]apan 27 (1954)， 115. 

On the Dielectrics treated by an Electric Field II

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On the Dielectrics treated by an Electric Field II

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