Effects of the herbicide sulphosate on growth, accumulation and partitioning of dry weight and photosynthesis in maize plants subjected to source-sink manipulation at the root were studied. The findings indicate that growth and dry weight accumulation correlate significantly only with the dry mass ratio and/or volume of the root (RMR, Vr, respectively), while a significant negative correlation was found with stem mass ratio (SMR) and generally with leaf mass ratio (LMR), which reflects an irregular distribution of carbohydrate metabolism in maize plants. As the root is where cytokinins, the plant hormons essential for maintaining photosynthetic structures, are synthesized, we assumed that the root status under stress caused by the herbicide sulphosate could be one of the factors of stability/sensitivity of photosynthesis/photosynthetic structures in plants exposed to this herbicide.U radu je razmatran uticaj herbicida sulfosata na rastenje, akumulaciju i preraspodelu suve mase, kao i fotosintezu biljaka kukuruza na kojima je vršena manipulacija "proizvod-potrošač" odnosa na nivou korena. Nađeno je da akumulacija suve mase značajno Koreliše samo sa zapreminom i/ili udeonom suvom masom korena (Vr, RMR), a negativno značajno sa udeonom suvom masom stabla (SMR) i (uglavnom) listova (LMR), što je u skladu sa neravnomernom preraspodelom ugljenohidratnog metabolizma kod biljaka kukuruza. Poznato je da je koren mesto sinteze citokinina, biljnih hormona neophodnih u održavanju fotosintetskih struktura. Pošto rezultati ukazuju na značaj statusa korena u uslovima stresa izazvanim herbicidom sulfosatom, smatramo da isti može biti jedan od faktora stabilnosti /osetljivosti fotosinteze/ fotosintetskih struktura kod biljaka izloženih dejstvu pomenutog herbicida

Drinić, Goran

Janjić, Vaskrsija

Jovanović, Vladan

Nikolić, Bogdan

Stojaković, Sanja

Acta herbologica

English

 PlantaRum - Repository of the Institute for Plant Protection and Environment

Različiti aspekti inhibicije rastenja i fotosinteze kukuruza (Zea mays L.) uzrokovanog herbicidom sulfosatom, 1 - manipulacija statusom korena

PlantaRum - Repository of the Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade

UDC 581.132+581.14:632.954Original scientific paperDIFFERENT ASPECTS OF INHIBITION OF GROWTH ANDPHOTOSYNTHESIS OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) BY THE PHOSPHONATEHERBICIDE SULPHOSATE 1. ROOT MANIPULATIONBogdan NIKOLIC 1,3, Goran DRINIC2, Vladan JOVANOVIC',. Vaskrsija JANJIC' and Sanja STOJAKOVIC IlInstitute of Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia2Maize Research Institute Zemun-Polje, Belgrade, Serbia'Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, SerbiaNikolic Bogdan, Goran Drinic, Vladan Jovanovic, Vaskrsija Janjicand Sanja Stojakovic (2007): Different aspects of inhibition of growthand photosvnthesis of maize (Zea mays L.) by the phosphonate herbicidesulphosate. 1. Root manipulation. - Acta herbologica Vol. 16, No.1, 29-39, Belgrade.Effects of the herbicide sulphosate on growth, accumulation andpartitioning of dry weight and photosynthesis in maize plants subjected tosource-sink manipulation at the root were studied. The findings indicatethat growth and dry weight accumulation correlate significantly only withthe dry mass ratio and/or volume of the root (RMR, Vr, respectively),while a significant negative correlation was found with stem mass ratio(SMR) and generally with leaf mass ratio (LMR), which reflects anirregular distribution of carbohydrate metabolism in maize plants. As theroot is where cytokinins, the plant hormons essential for maintainingphotosynthetic structures, are synthesized, we assumed that the root statusunder stress caused by the herbicide sulphosate could be one of thefactors of stability/sensitivity of photosynthesis/photosynthetic structuresin plants exposed to this herbicide.Corresponding author: Bogdan Nikolic, Institute of Plant Protection and Environment, TeodoraDrajzera 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia30 . ACTA HERBOLOGICA, VoL 16, No.1, 29-39,2007.INTRODUCTIONPhosphonate herbicides (e.g. glyphosate, sulfosate) primarily induceinhibition of the shikimate biosynthetic pathway as a first assumed mode of actionof these herbicides (1). Geiger et al. (7, 9) investigated the inhibition ofphotosynthesis and starch synthesis induced by the herbicide glyphosate early (1-2 h) after treatment. We reexamined those findings during inhibition ofphotosynthesis and growth of maize plants treated with sulphosate and theirsubjection to source-sink manipulation of the root.MATERIALS AND METHODSMaize (Zea mays L.; hyb. ZPSC 704) plants were grown under fieldconditions (PARmax>1500 /-lmol m-2s- l , variable photoperiod (15/9±1 h) andrelatively stable temperature and humidity (2S!22±4 DC, 50/60± 5%) over theJuly-August periods of 2002, 2003 and 2004. The plants were grown on organiccompost for up to 4 weeks (nearly 5 fully grown leaves): one third of them inlarge pots (V=5. 1; L plants) and two thirds in small pots (V=l 1). Three daysbefore treatment, half of the plants growing in small pots (V=ll) were transferredinto large pots (RP plants), while the other half remained in small pots (V=l 1, Splants). L plants were not grown in 2003, which was a method of source-sinkmanipulation at the root. At the beginning of the trial, half the plants were treatedwith 10-2 mol of the sulphosate herbicide (syn. glyphosate-trimesium; productTouchdown, Syngenta, UK, 4S0 gIl a.i.) until run-off, and the other half (controlplants) remained untreated. Samples were taken for an analysis of growth, dryweight partitioning, photosynthetic pigment content and root volume on the dayof treatment, and the 4th and Sth post-treatment days. The parameters of growthand dry weight partitioning were defined and calculated according to POORTERAND GARNIER (1996) and DE GROOT ET AL. (2002).Photosynthetic pigments were exposed to passive DMF extraction fromsamples at -20DC with sample absorbance (A664, A647 and A48o) reading directly onthe spectrophotometer, while Chla, Chlb and total carotenoids (x+c) in leaf extractwere calculated using Wellburn's (1994) formula. Root volume was determinedusing the Archimedes' Law. Chla fluorescence measurements (as well as samplingfor RWC and photosynthetic pigment measurements) were done 20-25 cm belowthe tip of the youngest fully grown leaf on the day of treatment and on the 2nd , 4th,6th and Sth post-treatment days using a PAM 1011103 fluorometer in the first partof the photoperiod, following at least 3 hours of plant incubation in darkness.Parameters of Chla fluorescence were calculated according to MAXWELL ANDJOHNSON (2000). For technical reasons, Chla flurescence measurements wereperformed within limits in 2003 and were not carried out at all in 2004. Statisticalprocessing of the results acquired began by computing the means in M Stat Csoftware (Michigan State University, USA). Statistical significance was tested byB.NIKOLIC et al.: DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF GROWTH 31the analysis of variance (LSD test, the same software). Statistical significance ofthe differences found is marked with different letters and other symbols andstands for 5% statistical threshold. The significance of relationships betweenparameters was tested using correlation computation in the same software. Theresults of correlation computation are presented in tables with the results. Theasterisk sign (*) marks significant (5%) and double askerisk (**) highlysignificant (1 %) correlation.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONDry weight accumulation (Fig. 1) of control plants in all plant groups (S,Land RP; 2002 trial) was significantly higher from the 4th day onwards than thatof treated plants, which is concurrent with the differences in their growth. In thiscomplex trial, we observed a low but highly significant correlation between InOW and RMR, a negative highly significant correlation between RMR and SMR,and a negative significant correlation between LMR and all other parameters (Tab. 1).Table 1. Correlation between parameters ofaccumulation and distribution ofdryweight (2002 trial)InDWRMRSMRLMRInDW RMR0.291 **SMR0.043-0.424**LMR-0.252*-0.253*-0.253*2.01.5:§~1.00E.0.5/A~~~BC• -+ BCDEFG • .. EFFG +"G • lGG-.-K/S....... TIS----'>- K/L"Y"" TIL----+--- K/R P···+··T/RP• 8 10 12TIME (days)Figure 1. Accumulation of dry weight in control and treated (10'2 mol sulphosate) S, Land RPmaize plants in an 8-day trial. The plants were grown under field conditions for 4 weeks. IUS, KlL,KlRP, TIS, TIL, TIRP: control or treated S plants (RGRK =122.25 mg g"1 cr l ; RGRT =31.12 mg g.1 d-I), Lplants (RGRK =58.75 mf. g"1 cr l ; RGRT = -18.88 mg g'1 cr l ) and RP plants (RGRK =52.88 mg g-Id· l ; RGRT = -15.50 mg g.1 cr )(2002 trial) .32 ACTA HERBOLOGlCA, Vol. 16, No.1, 29-39,2007.Beginning with the 6th day of trial, the electron transport rate (ETR) ofcontrol S plants was significantly higher than that of treated S plants (Fig. 2).Regarding the ETR parameter of L plants (Fig. 2), a significant difference wasobserved between control and treated plants as early as on the 2nd day of trial. Inre-potted plants (RP plants), a significant inhibition of this photosyntheticparameter took place as early as on the 4th day (Fig. 2).120. 100N'".§ 80'"c:e'ti 60..9!Q)0 40E2-a: 20I-W0-2 o 2 4 6 10-.- K/S•. TIS-A-K/L... TIL__ K/RP+. T/RP12TIME (days)Figure 2. Changes in the photosynthesis parameter ETR ofthe SUI leafofcontrol Q1ul treated (10'2 molsulphosate) S, Land RP maize plants ill the 8-day trial. The plallts were grown underfield conditionsfor 4weeks. KlS, KlL, KlRP, TIS, TIL, TIRP: control or treated S, Land RP plants (2002 trial)The quantum efficiency parameters of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo)were found to be in highly significant correlation mutually, as well as with theparameters qP, cI> PS II and ETR (Tab. 2). The parameters qP, cI> PS II and ETRwere highly significantly correlated mutually, and each in highly significantnegative correlation with the photoprotection NPQ parameter (Tab. 2). cI> PS IIand Fv/Fm were also highly significantly correlated (Tab. 2). The parametersindicating the redox state of plastoquinone pool (qP, cI> PS II), as well as theFv/Fm parameter, are more significantly correlated with the ETR ofphotosynthesis (Tab. 2) than the parameters of quantum efficiency of PS II(Fv/Fm. Fv/Fo). Suphosate-provoked inhibition of photosynthesis (ETR) isapparently cummulative in character, i.e. sulphosate affected several factors in thetrial (Tab. 2). It means that the indicators of RC PS II state and redox state of theplastoquinone pool undergo different degrees of change under the activity ofsulphosate (Tab. 2), which agrees with other reports (7, 9).B.NIKOLIC et al.: DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF GROWTH 33Table 2. Correlation between parameters o{ Chi" fluorescence and photosynthesis(2002 trial)Fv/FmFv/Fm Fv/Fo0.901 **<l> PS II0.635**qP0.705**Fv/Fin0.059ETR0.629**NPQ0.081Fv/Fo<l> PS II0.659** 0.699**0.823**0.0840.512**0.659**0.978**-0.004-0.441 **qPFv/Fm-0.010 0.802**0.498**-0.441 **-0.150ETR -0.417**NPQA significant inhibition of dry weight accumulation (Fig. 3) and growthwas observed in treated S plants, although their growth in this trial (2003) wasconsiderably slower than in the previous one (Fig. I; 2002). In RP plants (Fig. 3),the accumulation of dry weight was moderate, and growth inhibition lesspronounced than in S plants (but neverthless statistically significant). Althoughnot prominent, the correlation between dry weight accumulation in this trial, andleaf mass ratio and root volume is highly significant (Tab. 3). The LMRparameter also had a highly significant negative correlation with RMR andespecially with SMR, while the correlation between Vr and SMR was highlysignificantly negative, and RMR and SMR significantly negative (Tab. 3).1..61.41.21.00.80.6A-----7A~~E~7···········D··..........DE...-a- K/S...• TIS-A- K/RP.y T/RP0.40.212108642o0.0 +--r---r-...---r--"'---,-""'--.-~--.,r--'--""",-""--,·2TIME (days)Figure 3. Dry weight accumulation in control and treated (]O'2 mol sulphosate) Sand RP maizeplants in the 8-day trial. The plants were grown under field conditions for 4 weeks. KIS, KlRP, TIS,TIRP: control or treated S (RGRK =52.88 mg f(' cr'; RGRr = -27.00 mg g" a') and RP (RGRK=71.38 mg {'a'; RGRr =31.12 mg g" ([') plants (2003 trial)34 ACTA HERBOLOGICA, Vol. 16, No: 1,29-39,2007.Table 3. Correlation between parameters of accumulation and allocation ofdryweight and root volume (2003 trial)1nDWRMRSMRLMRVrInDW RMR-0.207SMR-0.208-0.313*LMR0.350**-0.459**-0.700**Vr0.400**0.682**-0.316**-0.217However, the FvlFm values of control S plants (as an indicator of RC PSII activity) were rising, but without. significant difference between control andtreated plants (Tab. 4). On the 2nd day of trial alone a significant decrease intreated S plants was observed regarding this parameter, compared to control. Inthe final stage of the trial (6th day), sulphosate inhibited the photochemicalactivity of RC PS II of treated S plants (Tab. 4). According to available literature(2), the Fv/Fo parameter (Tab. 4) is statistically more sensitive, so thatsignificantly higher values were observed in control than in treated S plants,which indicates an increase in the photochemical activity of RC PS II.Table 4. Chlafluorescence parameter of the 5'" leafofS maize plants grown underfield conditions for 4 weeks. NM - not measured. (2003 trial)Dayltreatment(KIT) FvlFm LSDo05 LSDo.o1 Fv/Fo LSDo.05 LSDoolOIK 0.762 3.212BCD FOH2/K 0.774 3.452BCD DEFO21T 0.712 1.558E H4/K 0.791 3.765ABCD CDEF4/T 0.758 0.045 0.060 3.672 0.656 0.876CD CDEF6/K 0.804 4.106AB ABCD61T NM NM8/K 0.795 3.831ABC CDEF8/T 0.746 2.868E OHB.NIKOLIC et al.: DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF GROWTH 35Table 5. Parameters of Chlafluorescence ()f'the 5fh leqf in RP maize plants grownunder field conditions for 4 weeks. NM - not measured. (2003 trial)Dayltreatment Fv/Fm LSDo.05 LSDo.o1 Fv/Fo LSDo05 LSDo.o1(KIT)O/K 0.801 3.969ABC BCDE2/K 0.806 4.118AB ABC21T 0.772 3.396BCD EFG4/K 0.804 4.504AB AB4/T 0.782 0.045 0.()60 3.635 0.656 0.876ABCD CDEF6/K 0.824 4.714A A61T NM NM8/K 0.802 4.075ABC ABCD81T 0.604 1.590F 1The parameter Fv/Fm (Tab. 5) changed in a similar way as it did in Splants. Fv/Fo was significantly inhibited in treated RP plants on the 8th day of thistrial (Tab. 5). The two indicators of PS II quantum efficiency are highlysignificantly (0.901) correlated.In the treated S plants, a significant decrease in ChIn content (Fig. 4) isevident as early as on the 4th day, while the content of the Chin pigment (Fig. 4)was significantly lower in treated (than in control) RP plants no sooner than onthe 8th day of trial.All parameters showing the contents and relationships of photosyntheticpigments in this trial were highly significantly correlated (Table 6).Table 6. Correlation ofcontents and ratios ofphotosynthetic pigmens (2003 trial)Ch1a+bx+cChljx+cChi"0.992** 1.000**0.995**0.918**0.885**0.912**x+c0.881 **0.900**0.886**0.715**Chl.Jx+c0.894**0.877**0.891**0.952**0.615**36 ACTA HERBOLOGICA, Vol. 16, No. 1,29-39,2007.200 A180160~140NE 120--OJ 100E~ 80ctl.r::. 600 4020TIME (days)Figure 4. Changes in chlorophyll a (Chlll ) content in the 5th leafofcontrol and treated (JO-2 molsulphosate) Sand RP maize plants in the 8-day trial. The plants were grown under field conditionsfor 4 weeks. KJS, KJRP, TIS, TIRP: control or treated Sand RP plants (2003 trial)Dry weight accumulation (Fig. 5) in control S plants was prominent andsignificantly higher statistically than in treated plants, which indicates asignificant inhibition of growth. The growth of S plants in this trial (2004) wascomparable to that of corresponding plants in 2002.3.22.82.42.01.61.2--.- K/S..• TIS- ...---K/L'" TIL-.-K/RP+ T/RP0.80.412100.0 +-~--r~~.-~---,-~-,--~-r~-..--~-,,2TIME (days)Figure 5. Accumulation ofdry weight in control and treated (JO'2 mol sulphosate) S, Land RPmaize plants in the 8-day trial. The plants were grown under field conditions for 4 weeks. KIS, I<lL,KJRP, TIS, TIL, TIRP: control or treated S (RGRK=J01.88 mg g'lal; RGRT=23.88 mg g-Id-'), L(RGRK=44.J2 mg {Ia '; RGRT=18.62 mg g-'a') and RP (RGRK=151.38 mg ('a'; RGRT=114.50 mg g" d") plants (2004 trial)B.NIKOLIC et at.: DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF GROWTH 37In L plants, dry weight accumulation was prominent but did not changesignificantly (Fig. 5) regardless of whether the plants had been treated withsulphosate or not. Consequently, plant growth was moderate, and sulphosate-caused inhibition of growth was not high. Compadng this trial (2004) with anearlier one (2002), it is evident that, despite a considerable difference in dryweight accumulation, the dynamics of growth and values of the RGR parameterof growth were similar.In RP plants, dry weight accumulation was prominent (Fig. 5) and therewere no significant differences between control and treated plants, so that growthwas evident in both groups.Dry weight accumulation is evidently highly correlated only with rootvolume (Vr). Vr correlates highly significantly with RMR, while a high negativecorrelation exists between Vr and LMR and a negative correlation between Vrand SMR (Tab. 7). RMR has a highly significant negative correlation both withSMR and LMR (Tab. 7).Table 7. Correlation of the parameters of accumulation and distribution of dryweight and root volume (2004 trial)InDWRMRSMRLMRVrInDW RMR0.097SMR0.205-0.578**LMR-0.073-0.672**0.023Vr0.715**0.334**-0.327**Our general conclusion is that dry weight accumulation and plant growthsignificantly correlate with root volume and/or root mass ratio (Vr, RMR), whilecorrelation with SMR and (to considerable degree with) LMR is significantlynegative, which reflects the ilTegular distribution of carbo-hydrate metabolism inmaize plants (SETTER AND MELER, 1984). The root is known to be the site ofsynthesis of citokinins, i.e. plant hormons required for maintaining photosyntheticstmctures (PONS ET ALL., 200 I). As our results (Fig. 1-5, Tab. 1-7) indicate animportant role of the root under stress conditions provoked by the herbicidesulphosate, we believe that it could be a stabilizing factor in terms ofphotosynthesis/photosynthetic stmctures in plants exposed to the activity of thatherbicide.Acknowledgement: This study was supported by project TR 6868 of the Ministryof Science and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Serbia. The herbicideTouchdown was provided courtesy of Sasa Marinkovi6 (Syngenta Yugoslavia,Belgrade).38 ACTA HERBOLOGICA, Vol. 16, No. 1,29-39,2007.REFERENCESAMRHEIN N., DEUS B., GEHRKE P. and STEINROCKEN H.C. (1980): The Site of the Inhibition of theShikimate Pathway by Glyphosate. II. Interference of glyphosate with chorismateformation in vivo and in vitro. Plant Physiology, 66: 830-834.BABANI F. and LICHTENTHALER H.K. (1996): Light-induced and Age-dependent Development ofChloroplasts in Etiolated Barley Leaves as Visualisated by Determination ofPhotosynthetic Pigments, CO2 Assimilation Rates and Different Kinds of ChlorophyllFluorescence Ratios. Journal of Plant Physiology, 148: 555-566.DE GROOT c.c., MARCELlS L.F.M., VAN DEN BOOGAARD R. and LAMBERS H. (2002): Inter-activeeffects of nitrogen and irradiance on growth and partitioning of dry-mass and nitrogen inyoung tomato plants. Functional Plant Biology, 11: 1319-1328.MAXWELL K. and JOHNSON G. (2000): Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide. Journal ofExperimental Botany, 51 (345): 659-668.PONS T.L., JORD! W. and KUIPER D. (2001): Acclimation of plants to light gradients in leafcanopies: evidence for a possible role for cytokinins transported in the transpirationstream. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52 (360): 1563-1574.POORTER H. and GARNIER E. (1996) Plant growth analysis: evaluation of experimental design andcomputational methods. Journal of Experimental Botany, 47: 1343-1351.SERVAITES I.c., TuccI M.A. and GEIGER D.R. (1987): Glyphosate Effects on Carbon Assimilation,Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Activity, and Metabolite Levels in Sugar BeetLeaves. Plant Physiology, 85: 370-374.SETTER T.L. and MELER V.H. (1984): Reserve Carbohydrate in Maize Stem. [14C] glucose and [14C]sucrose uptake characteristics. Plant Physiology, 75: 617-622.SHIEH W.-J., GEIGER D.R. and SERVAITES I.c. (1991): Etlect of N-(Phosphonomethyl) Glycine onCarbon Assimilation and Metabolism during a Simulated Natural Day. Plant Physiology,97: 1109-1114.WELLBURN A.R. (1994): The Spectral Determination of Chlorophylls a and b, as well as TotalCarotenoids, Using Various Solvents with Spectrophotorrieters of Different Resolut·ion.Journal of Plant Physiology, 144: 307-313.Received Aprile 10, 2007Accepted November 23,2007B.NIKOLIC et al.: DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF GROWTHRAZLICITI ASPEKTI INHIBICIJE RASTENJA I FOTOSINTEZEKUKURUZA (Zea mays L.) UZROKOVANOG HERBICIDOMSULFOSATOM.l. MANIPULACIJA STATUSOM KORENABogdan NIKOLIC l ), Goran DRINIC2 , Vladan JOVANOVIC",Vaskrsija JANJlC' i Sanja STOJAKOVIC 1JInstitut za zastitu bilja i zivotnu sredinu, Beograd, Srbija2Institut za kukuruz Zemun-Polje, Beograd, Srbija"Institut za pesticide i zastitu zivotne sredine, Beograd, SrbijaIzvod39U radu je razmatran uticaj herbicida sulfosata na rastenje, akumulaciju ipreraspodelu suve rnase, kao i fotosintezll biljaka kukllruza na kojima je vrsenamanipulacija "proizvod-potrosac" odnosa na nivou korena. Nadeno je daakumulacija suve mase znacajno Korelise sarno sa zapreminom i/ili udeonomsuvom masom korena (Vr, RMR), a negativno znacajno sa lldeonom suvommasom stabla (SMR) i (llglavnom) listova (LMR), sto je II skladu sa ne-ravnomernom preraspodelom ugljenohidratnog metabolizma kod biljakakukuruza. Poznato je da je koren mesto sinteze citokinina, biljnih hormonaneophodnih II odrZavanju fotosintetskih struktllra. Posto re?ultati llkazujll naznacaj statusa korena u llslovima stresa izazvanim herbicidom sulfosatom,smatramo da isti moze biti jedan od faktora stabilnosti/ osetljivosti fotosinteze/fotosintetskih struktura kod biljaka izlozenih dejstvu pomenlltog herbicida.Primljeno 10. aprila 2007.Odobreno 23. novembra 2007.

http://plantarum.izbis.bg.ac.rs//bitstream/id/2524/48.pdf

Različiti aspekti inhibicije rastenja i fotosinteze kukuruza (Zea mays L.) uzrokovanog herbicidom sulfosatom, 1 - manipulacija statusom korena

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

PlantaRum - Repository of the Institute for Plant Protection and Environment

PlantaRum - Repository of the Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade