After providing factual background to the Nile and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) issues and articulating the key arguments and approaches considered in the multi-disciplinary chapters, it is submitted that the findings and insights set forth in this volume shall inform policy both in the short and medium terms, with respect to the ongoing talks and studies related to the GERD, and in the longer term, efforts needed to foster and strengthen basin-wide cooperation, integration and economic development throughout the region