Colombo, C.

Gkolias, I.

Lara, M.

Gkolias I.

Colombo C.

Lara M.

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Politecnico di Milano

Towards a sustainable exploitation of the geosynchronous orbital regionIoannis Gkolias1, Camilla Colombo1, Martin Lara21 Politecnico di Milano, 2 University of La RiojaRCAAM, Academy of Athens, July 2018Source : ESA24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 2IntroductionGeostationary belt24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 3IntroductionGeosynchronous ground tracksEquatorial GEOInclined GEO Tundra orbit24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 4IntroductionCurrent ESA guidelinesGEO protected region (GEO region): segment of spherical shell lower altitude boundary = geostationary altitude minus 200 km, upper altitude boundary = geostationary altitude plus 200 km, latitude sector: 15 degrees South ≤ latitude ≤ 15 degrees NorthConformance with the GEO disposal requirement can be ensured by using a disposal orbit with the following characteristics: Eccentricity ≤ 0.005, Min perigee altitude above the GEO altitude Δhp ≥ 235+1000 cRA/m24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 5IntroductionGEO populationa-e distribution of all objects in GEO a-i distribution of all objects in GEO Many people believe that the debris situation in GEO is shorted out, but is it really and in which timescale? Population models predict on average 1 GEO collision in the next 100 years. Satellites in graveyard orbits act as debris sources, even without collisions (e.g. HARM GEO population). From planetary defence point of view, if we keep the same rate of populating GEO, we will detectable by an equivalently advanced civilization by the year 2200.Questions: Are current guidelines enough to ensure long-term GEO sustainability? Are there alternative ways to exploit the geosynchronous orbital region?24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 6IntroductionWhy revisit GEO disposal?24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 7GEO DYNAMICAL MAPPINGForce model: 4x4 geopotential, 3rd body perturbations (up to 5th order in the parallax factor), solar-radiation pressure, Earth’s precession 24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 8Semi-analytical modellingPlanODyn (semi-analytical orbit propagation) Tesseral MapsMain grid: a - λ (201x201)Parameters: e, i, A/m (5x11x2)  Disposal MapsMain grid: ω - Ω (201x201)Parameters: e , i, A/m (5x91x2) Action MapsMain grid: e - i (201x201)Parameters : a, (Ω, ω), A/m (3x50x2)20/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 9Grid definitionsOrbit propagation for 120 years> 4 Million> 36 Million> 12 MillionOrbits propagated > 50 MillionDynamical indicators:Re-entryBounded24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 10Tesseral mapsStandard s/c, initial circular orbit A/m = 0.012 m2/kge0 = 0.01i0 = 60 degi0 = 10 deg24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 11Tesseral mapsEnhanced-SRP s/c, initial circular orbit A/m = 1 m2/kge0 = 0.01i0 = 60 degi0 = 10 deg24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 12Disposal mapsStandard s/cDiam(e) Diam(e)A/m = 0.012 m2/kge0 = 0.001 e0 = 0.224/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 13Disposal mapsEnhanced-SRPDiam(e) Diam(e)A/m = 1 m2/kge0 = 0.001 e0 = 0.224/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 14Eccentricity-inclination spaceRe-entryBounded24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 15Action spaceAngle-averaged maps24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 16DISPOSAL MANOEUVRES24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 17Disposal designProcess followed for each initial orbitInputs:- post-mission orbit- available ΔvReachable orbital element domain:- Gauss Planetary Equations- Single impulse ΔvExclude orbits crossing the GEOprotected regionTransfer with 2-burn manoeuvre:- Lambert arc- Grid optimised solutionPareto front solutions:- Read info from dynamical mapsGraveyard:Δe Re-entry:lifetimeDISPOSAL DESIGN24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 18Graveyard designRequirement for graveyard disposal24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 19Re-entry designRequirements for re-entry disposal24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 20Best case scenario mapsMaximum available Δv = 50 m/sbest graveyard disposal map best re-entry disposal mapΩ0 = 0, ω0 = 024/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 21DISPOSAL ISSUES24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 22Population and dynamics24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 23Effective cleansing mechanismFast re-entering orbitsLifetime: 17.7 years!!!LEO dwell time: 5 daysGEO dwell time: 2 days24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 24Effective cleansing mechanismDiam(e)24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 25Effective cleansing mechanism 24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 26Effective cleansing mechanism 24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 27Effective cleansing mechanism24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 28The Sirius constellation“Missed” opportunity? 24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 29Does enhancing SRP always help?Suppressing the Lidov-Kozai effect24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 30ANALYTICAL MODELING24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 31MotivationHamiltonian reduction on the ecliptic Artificial satellite theories are developed in a coordinate frame that has the equator as the main plane. Geopotential is more conveniently expressed in this frame. Third body perturbations more conveniently expressed in the ecliptic.Question Could an analytical theory developed on the ecliptic provide us with more insight for distant Earth satellite orbits?24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 32Analytical modellingEquatorial and Ecliptic framesNonlinear relationship between ecliptic and equatorial inclinationsSource: wikipedia24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 33Analytical modellingBody positions24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 34Analytical modellingModel formulation24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 35Analytical modellingZonal part24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 36Analytical modellingSun’s perturbing effect24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 37Analytical modellingMoon’s perturbing effect24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 38Analytical modellingAdvantage of the ecliptic frameHOWEVERIn the ecliptic representation timedependencies are always coupled withthe ecliptic node of the satellite.24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 39Analytical modellingFurther ecliptic reduction24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 40Analytical modellingLidov-Kozai type Hamiltonian24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 41Analytical modellingStudy of the reduced model24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 42Analytical modellingStudy of the reduced modelLow inclinations at all altitudes24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 43Analytical modellingStudy of the reduced modelModerate inclinations at high altitudes24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 44Analytical modellingStudy of the reduced modelPolar inclinations at medium altitudes24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 45Analytical modellingStudy of the reduced modelPolar inclinations at high altitudes24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 46Analytical modellingBifurcation diagram24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 47Analytical modellingComparison with numerical simulations24/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 48Analytical modellingDisposal design For low initial inclinations: graveyard orbits with low variation of eccentricity. For inclined geosynchronous natural re-entry is possible.  Optimise disposal manoeuvre for each particular end-of-life scenario. Is a single equation guideline for GEO enough?  Could eccentric and inclined, small size constellations lead us to a sustainable exploitation of GEO? All maps and manoeuvres calculated will be made public on the ReDSHIFT web site (http://redshift-h2020.eu).  ReDSHIFT software tool for EOL disposal calculation will be available online20/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 49ConclusionsNumerical investigation We have reduced the problem of high Earth satellites using an analytical representation. The resulting 1 D.O.F. system describes the in plane stability. We studied the reduced phase-space by computing the equilibrium points and their stability. We have calculated the bifurcation diagram.Further work: Recover the short-periodic terms. Add more perturbations, second order J2 and up to P4 for the Moon. Study the equilibria and their bifurcation on a sphere. Exploit the reduced dynamics for preliminary mission design.20/07/2018 RCAAM Academy of Athens– GEO Disposal – I. Gkolias 50ConclusionsAnalytical modellingTowards a sustainable exploitation of the geosynchronous orbital regionIoannis Gkolias, Camilla Colombo, Martin Laraioannis.gkolias@polimi.it, camilla.colombo@polimi.ithttp://redshift-h2020.eu/, www.compass.polimi.itSource : ESAThe results on the mapping of the GEO region has received funding from theHorizon 2020 Program of the European Union’s Framework Programme forResearch and Innovation (H2020-PROTEC-2015) under REA grant agreementnumber 687500 – ReDSHIFTThe analytical study of this presentation has received funding from theEuropean Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 679086 COMPASS)

Towards a sustainable exploitation of the geosynchronous orbital region

https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1079487/1/GKOLI04-18.pdf

Towards a sustainable exploitation of the geosynchronous orbital region

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