Bett, Bernard K.

Kiara, Henry K.

Ngaywa, C.

Ngwili, Nicholas M.

Oluga, G.

Omwenga, I.

Wainaina, M.

Wamwere-Njoroge, George J.

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qPCR detection of Brucella spp., B. abortus and B. melitensis (confirmation of detection through Sanger sequencing of some samples) Brucellosis is regarded as a high-priority zoonotic disease in Kenya. Diagnosis of the disease in Kenya is mostly based on serological methods with limited use of molecular techniques to better understand transmission of the bacteria. Ingestion of contaminated milk remains an important means of transmission of the disease to humans. We investigated the presence of Brucella spp. in milk from various livestock species in pastoral households in Isiolo and Marsabit counties of northern Kenya. A total of 549 milk samples were collected in a cross-sectional survey that involved 175 households.  Up to 378 samples were collected directly from lactating animals (51 cattle, 7 sheep, 317 goats and 3 camels) while 171 samples were from milk pooled of cattle, sheep, goats, camels and mixed species in households. Questionnaire surveys were also administered to determine milk consumption patterns in the target households. Brucella spp. prevalence and distribution was determined and risk of exposure to humans was modeled using the Codex Alimentarius framework. Results • DNA was detected in fourteen (2.6%) samples and thirty-two antibody-positive cattle were detected (34.4%).    • The prevalence of qPCR Brucella spp. was higher in Isiolo than in Marsabit (p<0.05), with Isiolo having 5.8 (CI 95% 1.3 – 25.6) higher odds of positivity than Marsabit. No significance was observed with the ELISA results.  • qPCR positives were detected in goat milk samples only. Of the goat samples, 9 were individual goat samples and 5 were household pooled milk. There was no significant difference observed between directly sampled (individual) and household level (pooled) milk (p>0.05).  • B. abortus was detected in 11 of the goat samples and B. melitensis in 3 goats, suggesting cross-transmission of brucellosis in herds.  Map of Kenya with Marsabit and Isiolo counties highlighted in grey and black spots showing milk sampling points Detection of Brucella spp. in milk from various livestock species raised under pastoral production systems in Isiolo and Marsabit counties, northern Kenya  DNA extraction from milk using Qiagen DNEasy kits Conclusion  The demonstration of Brucella spp. in milk and the consumption of raw milk demonstrates considerable risk of exposure. Martin Wainaina 1*, Isaac Omwenga 1,2, Catherine Ngaywa 1,3, Nicholas Ngwili 1, George Wamwere-Njoroge 1, Henry Kiara 1, Gabriel Oluga 2,3 , Bernard Bett 1   1. International Livestock Research Institute  2. College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi  3.Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Nairobi.  ©Oldcastle Laboratories Ltd 2015 Milk indirect ELISAs for bovine milk samples to detect anti-LPS Brucella antibodies. © ILRI Determination of prevalence and distribution with area of sampling and animal species. Risk of human exposure was determined based on the prevalence estimates and whether or not milk was boiled before consumption. ©ILRI Martin Wainaina M.Wainaina@cgiar.org ● Box 30709 Nairobi  Kenya  ●  +254 20 422 3000  Nairobi Kenya ●   ilri.org    This work is supported by the Accelerated Value Chain Development  project (AVCD), funded by FtF, USAID, and the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health led by IFPRI  This document is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence. 10.10.2018 Methods 

Detection of Brucella spp. in milk from various livestock species raised under pastoral production systems in Isiolo and Marsabit counties, northern Kenya

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/10568/98847/1/Brucella%20detection.pdf

Detection of Brucella spp. in milk from various livestock species raised under pastoral production systems in Isiolo and Marsabit counties, northern Kenya

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