Deflandre, J-P

Garcia, B.

Rouchon, V.

English

Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication

HAL Id: hal-01826762
https://hal-ifp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01826762
Submitted on 29 Jun 2018
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-
entific research documents, whether they are pub-
lished or not. The documents may come from
teaching and research institutions in France or
abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de
recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
publics ou privés.
Aquifers survey in the context of source rocks
exploitation: from baseline acquisition to long term
monitoring.
B. Garcia, V. Rouchon, J-P Deflandre
To cite this version:
B. Garcia, V. Rouchon, J-P Deflandre. Aquifers survey in the context of source rocks exploitation:
from baseline acquisition to long term monitoring.. EGU - European Geosciences Union - General
Assembly, Apr 2017, Vienne, Austria. ￿hal-01826762￿
Renewable energies | Eco-friendly production | Innovative transport | Eco-efficient processes | Sustainable resources
©
 2
01
4 
-
IF
P
 E
ne
rg
ie
s 
no
uv
el
le
s
Aquifers survey in the context of source rocks exploitation: 
from baseline acquisition to long term monitoring
B. Garcia1, V. Rouchon1, J-P Deflandre1
1 IFPEN, Geosciences Division, GeoFluids and Rocks Department, 1-4 avenue Bois Préau, 
92852 Rueil-Malmaison
References  
Boyer et al., 2011. Shale Gas: a Global Resource. Oilfield review autumn, 23, 3.
Darrah et al., 2009. Noble gases identify the mechanisms of fugitive gas
contamination in drinking-water wells overlying the Marcellus and Barnett Shales.
PNAS, 111(39): 14076-14081.
Huc, 2013. Geochemistry of fossil fuels. From Conventional to Unconventional
Hydrocarbon Systems. Editions Technip.
Pillot et al., 2014. Patent 14/55.009. Procédé pour l’évaluation d’au moins une
caractéristique pétrolière d’un échantillon de roche.
Romero et al., 2015. New Rock-Eval Method for characterization of Unconventional
Shale Resource Systems. OGST, 71, 37.
Romero et al., 2016. Artifical Thermal Maturation of Source Rocks at different Thermal
Maturity levels: Application to the Triassic Montney and Doig formations. Poster at
Goldschmidt conference, Yokohama, Japan.
1   Context and objectives 
The exploitation of source rocks implies to monitor the surroundings aquifers and specially the potable aquifers present at the sub-surface, as required by
USA and Canadian regulations. The acquisition of a representative aquifer baseline is an absolute necessity prior to the performing of a long term
monitoring.
Indeed, a huge variety of geochemical species is present and we have to demonstrate that we can distinguish a natural geochemical signature from an
anthropogenic geochemical signature due to the exploitation process. Hydraulic fracturing operations are needed to exploit these resources, that’s why 3 main
sources have to be considered: 1) the shale formation itself, 2) the fluids used for the hydraulic fracturing operations and 3) the aquifers.
The main geochemical species to monitor will be presented in this poster with a new geochemical monitoring methodology/technical approach associated with a
notion of priority/interest and early warning systems.
3   A new geochemical monitoring methodology associated with specific techniques
The Shale Plays:
(i) organic matter and hydrocarbons species (in liquid and gaseous forms) 
+ (ii) non-hydrocarbon species have to be considered 
• 3/ The surroundigs aquifers• 2/ The hydraulic fracturing fluids
4   Conclusions and 
perspectives
 A large baseline is necessary to evaluate the aquifers evolution and a
possible leakage during the shale formation exploitation
 Specific methodologies and technologies are necessary to propose
early warning systems
Perspectives:
• A demonstration on site: proposition in the SECUre project (H2020)
2  The 3 main sources and their associated geochemical signature
Huc., 2013
• 1/ Shale plays = 
organic matter (O.M.) 
+ a heterogeneous mixture of 
minerals (clay, silt and also 
carbonate and sandstone) 
+ presence of oil and/or gas.
T4 = 
650°C
Kerogen
Pyrolysis
Free or sorbed
hydrocarbons
Thermovaporization
T2 
200°C
T3
350°C
T1 
100°C
Sh0
Sh1
Sh2
Pillot et al. (2014 Patent 14/55.009)
Romero et al., OGST, 2015
Twenty most frequently used additives in shale gas 
production hydraulic fracturing fluids (US EPA, 2015)
General data min average max
Density 1.1 1.18 1.23
pH 4 5.7 7.9
Total carbon 1.58 mmol/L 2.86 mmol/L 5.31 mmol/L
alcalinity 1.22 meq/L 3.12 meq/L 5.43 meq/L
Cl
-
20 mg/L 156.6 g/L 218 g/L
Na
+
21 mg/L 61.7 g/L 85.2 g/L
Ca
2+
16 mg/L 29.2 g/L 43.1 g/L
Mg
2+
23 mg/L 3.2 g/L 8.9 g/L
K
+
2.5 mg/L 1.8 g/L 6.6 g/L
SO4
2-
26 mg/L 215 mg/L 670 mg/L
Br 847 µg/L 4.4 g/L 6.6 g/L
Sr 91 µg/L 1.6 g/L 2.7 g/L
B 20 µg/L 125 mg/L 338 mg/L
Li 55.5 µg/L 122.7 mg/L 396 mg/L
Fe 23 µg/L 63.3 mg/L 400 mg/L
SiO2 3.8 mg/L 28.7 mg/L 49 mg/L
Zn 15.2 µg/L 26.5 mg/L 143 mg/L
Mn 3.5 µg/L 16.2 mg/L 87 mg/L
Ba 111 µg/L 16 mg/L 51 mg/L
Pb 1 mg/L 14.7 mg/L 40 mg/L
Rb 7 µg/L 7 mg/L 32.5 mg/L
Major Geochemical species
Minor Geochemical species
Parameters listed in 
recommendations by 
state environmental
protection agencies
(Boyer et al., 2011)
The 3 main sources to 
monitor
From Darrah et al., 2014
1/ The shale play
2/ The hydraulic fracturing fluids
3/ The surroundigs aquifers
1/ 2/
3/
Romero et al., 2016
The HCs species
The non HCs species
Sampling at reservoir
conditions
Fluid transfer at preserved reservoir
pressure conditions
Interpretation of data with stand-alone
software
Priority and Early Warning Systems
strategy in term of geochemical species
1. Better quantification of the bulk HC amount
(minimize loss of light HC)
2. Information on the quality of occurring fluids
3. Better separation between HC fluids and kerogen
4. Better assessment of Tmax value


Aquifers survey in the context of source rocks exploitation: from baseline acquisition to long term monitoring.

https://hal-ifp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01826762/file/Aquifers%20survey%20in%20the%20context%20of%20source%20rocks%20exploitation%20_%20from%20baseline%20acquisition%20to.pdf

Aquifers survey in the context of source rocks exploitation: from baseline acquisition to long term monitoring.

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication