Swedlund, Alan C.

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The Genetic Structure of an Historical Population: A Study of Marriage and Fertility in Old Deerfield, Massachusetts (Titlepage)

University of Massachusetts AmherstScholarWorks@UMass AmherstResearch Report 07: The Genetic Structure of anHistorical Population: a Study of Marriage andFertility in Old Deerfield, MassachusettsAnthropology Department Research Reports series12-2-2008The Genetic Structure of an Historical Population:A Study of Marriage and Fertility in Old Deerfield,Massachusetts (Titlepage)Alan C. SwedlundPrescott CollegeFollow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/anthro_res_rpt7Part of the Anthropology CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology Department Research Reports series at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. Ithas been accepted for inclusion in Research Report 07: The Genetic Structure of an Historical Population: a Study of Marriage and Fertility in OldDeerfield, Massachusetts by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contactscholarworks@library.umass.edu.Swedlund, Alan C., "The Genetic Structure of an Historical Population: A Study of Marriage and Fertility in Old Deerfield,Massachusetts (Titlepage)" (2008). Research Report 07: The Genetic Structure of an Historical Population: a Study of Marriage andFertility in Old Deerfield, Massachusetts. 2.Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/anthro_res_rpt7/2--- - _ ... -.. _-- _ .. . _ - - - - --- - --- - - - - - - - - - - ---THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF AN HISTORICAL POPULATION: A STUDY OF MARRIAGE AND FERTILITY IN OLD DEERFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS by ALAN C. SWEDLUND Center for Man and Environment, Prescott Colle ge Prescott, Arizona ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful for the permission and cooperation of the Heritage Foundations and particularly to J. Peter Spang III, in allowing me to study Deerfield and to use non-circulating records. I would a~so like to thank the Graduate School of the University of Colorado for the research and fellowship support that made this study possible. This study was originally prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of Colorado, and I am indebted to the members of my committee; David L. Greene, A. J. Kelso, and my thesis advisor, Alice M. Brues. ii Several people provided technical assistance in the preparation of this paper. My wife, Mary Allen, helped me greatly in the data collection stage. I acknowledge the help of James S. Martin, who helped me on numerous occasions with computer programming, and I would like to thank the staff of Prescott College for their typing and drafting services. The University of Massachusetts, Amherst, provided facilities during my research, and editorial supervision of this paper. Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Dr. George Armelagos who, more than any other person, has made this study possible. He has very actively encouraged and assisted me from the beginning of research to the present publication. Chapter I. II. III. IV. V. TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY • POPULATION NUMBERS. .. ... MIGRATION. . . . . . SELECTION • • • • • • • • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS • · . . . . . . . . . . · ... . .......... .. · . . . . . . . . . . · . . . . . . . . · . . . . . . . . BIBLIOGRAPHY •••••• . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 1 13 29 55 67 73 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Average Life Expectancy in Deerfield 1145-1765 • • • • • • D • • S • • • • • • • 0 • • 2.1 Reproductive History: Parents of 1810 . . . .. . 2.2 Mean Fertility in Various Population. • • • • • • • 2.3 Effective Populmtion Size Based on Assumed and Observed Family Size: Deerfield 1810. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2.4 Inhreeding Estimated by Isonomy, Deerfield Records • • • • • • • • Mean Completed Family Si.e of Known Consanguineous Marri.... and the . . . . . . . . 2.5 Parents of 1810 • • • • • • • • · . · . . • • . . 3.1 Frequency of Deerfield Marriages. • •• 3.2 Mean Marriage Distance for Deerfield . . . . . . (1690-1849) • • • • • • 0 • • · . . · . . . . . . 3.3 Gene Flow Rates into Deerfield (1690-1849) • • • • • • • • • /I • • · . . . . . . 3.4 Frequency of Mating Type. frca Three Samples • • • .. !J • • • • • I) • · . • eo. • • • 4.1 Selection Intensity in Different Populations • • • • • • • • 0 • 4.2 Fertility of Netive and M1rrant · . . . . . . . -Matings: Parents 1810 •••• 4.3 Fertility of Native and Miarant Matings: 1700-1850 •••••• • • • • • G • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Page 8 16 16 19 25 27 32 34 39 39 58 60 62 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 1.2 Deerfield and Surroundinl Area Population Growth in Deerfield • • • • • • • • • • • 1700-1850. • • • • • • • • •• . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Crude Birth and Death Rates for Deerfield 1700-1850. • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Relative and Absolute Growth of Breeding Population of Deerfield 1765-1810 ••• 3.1 Frequency of Exol&mouS Marriages at 20 . . . . . . Year Intervals • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . 3.2 Frequency of Exolamy by Sex in Deerfield, Massachusetts. • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . 3.3 Distribution of Deerfield Marriales (1690-1849) •••••••••••• . . . . 3.4 Comparison of the Geometric and Exponential Curves for Marriale Distance: Deerfield. • . . . . . . . . Page 3 6 7 23 33 36 43 47 v 

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The Genetic Structure of an Historical Population: A Study of Marriage and Fertility in Old Deerfield, Massachusetts (Titlepage)

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