EM Sikorski

GS Davis

J Joy

J Walters

JA Rathmacher

Jacob M Wilson

KA Dunsmore

MA Naimo

NM Duncan

Ryan P Lowery

SM Baier

Stephanie MC Wilson

TJ Morrison

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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The effects of beta-hydoxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation on muscle damage, hormonal status, and performance following a high volume 2-week overreaching cycle

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POSTER PRESENTATION Open AccessThe effects of beta-hydoxy-beta-methylbutyratefree acid supplementation on muscle damage,hormonal status, and performance following ahigh volume 2-week overreaching cycleGS Davis1, Ryan P Lowery1, NM Duncan1, EM Sikorski2, JA Rathmacher3,4, SM Baier3, TJ Morrison1, KA Dunsmore1,MA Naimo1, J Walters1, J Joy1, Stephanie MC Wilson5, Jacob M Wilson2*From International Society of Sports Nutrition: 9th Annual ISSN Conference and ExpoClearwater, FL, USA. 22-23 June 2012BackgroundAthletes exposed to extreme training loads such as thosethat occur during multiple-game tournaments, two a daypractices, or sudden increases in volume are prone tooverreaching. Beta-hydoxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) isthought to increase regenerative capacity following highintensity exercise. However, to date, its effects on muscledamage, hormonal status, and performance during over-reaching have yet to be investigated. Therefore the pur-pose of this investigation was to determine the effects ofHMB free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation on indices ofmuscle damage, strength, power, and cortisol following a2-week overreaching cycle.MethodsTwenty resistance trained males aged 21.3 ± 1.9 yearswere recruited for the study and randomly assigned toconsume 3 g per day of HMB-FA (combined with food-grade orange flavors and sweeteners) or a placebo (food-grade orange flavors and sweeteners). All subjects wereplaced on a diet consisting of 25 % protein, 50 % carbohy-drates, and 25 % fat by a registered dietician who specia-lized in sport (RD, LDN, CISSN). Seventy-two hours priorto the overreaching phase subjects were tested for baselinemeasures of creatine kinase (CK), cortisol, Wingate powerand strength on the squat, bench press, and deadlift.Following, all subjects participated in a 2-week highvolume resistance-training cycle. Each Monday throughThursday, subjects performed 3 maximal sets of 8-12 repe-titions and 60-90 seconds rest of squats, leg press, benchpress, deadlifts, pull-ups, military press, bent over rows,barbell curls and extensions. On Friday subjects weregiven three 1-RM attempts on the squat, bench press, anddeadlift for a total of 9 maximal working sets, followed bypower testing on the Wingate on Saturday. A 2 X 3(Group X time (weeks 0, 1, and 2)) repeated measuresANOVA was used to assess any main effects. If maineffects were found LSD post hoc tests were incorporatedto determine where differences were located.ResultsSignificant group X time effects were found for CK, whichrelative to baseline values (256.1 ± 28.3 U/L) increased atweeks 1 (493.8 ± 36.3 U/L) and 2 (533.4 ± 49.0 U/L) inthe placebo group, but not the HMB group (p<0.05).There were also group X time effects for strength of thesquat, bench press, and deadlift, which decreased duringweeks 1 and 2 (ranging from -5.6 to -7.1% across strengthmeasures) in the placebo group, but not the HMB group(p<0.05). A group x time effect was found for Wingatepeak power, which relative to baseline values (991.0 ± 60.1watts) was lower at weeks 1 (924.6 ± 58.3 watts) and 2(946.6 ± 59.1 watts) in the placebo group but not theHMB group. Finally there were group X time effects forcortisol, which relative to baseline (19.3 ± 1.4 ug/dl)increased in both weeks 1 (22.1 ± 1.4 ug/dl) and 2 (23.7 ±1.0 ug/dl) in the placebo group, but not the HMB group(p<0.05).* Correspondence: jmwilson@ut.edu2Department of Biology, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USAFull list of author information is available at the end of the articleDavis et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2012, 9(Suppl 1):P4http://www.jissn.com/content/9/S1/P4© 2012 Davis et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction inany medium, provided the original work is properly cited.ConclusionsThese results suggest HMB-FA given over a 2-week highvolume, low recovery training cycle prevents overreaching,as well as the characteristic rise in serum stress hormonesand serum indices of muscle damage.Author details1Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University ofTampa, Tampa, FL, USA. 2Department of Biology, The University of Tampa,Tampa, FL, USA. 3Metabolic Technologies, Inc., Iowa State UniversityResearch Park, Ames, IA, USA. 4Department of Animal Science, Iowa StateUniversity, Ames, IA, USA. 5Department of Nutrition, IMG PerformanceInstitute, IMG Academies, Bradenton, FL, USA.Published: 19 November 2012doi:10.1186/1550-2783-9-S1-P4Cite this article as: Davis et al.: The effects of beta-hydoxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation on muscle damage,hormonal status, and performance following a high volume 2-weekoverreaching cycle. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2012 9(Suppl 1):P4.Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Centraland take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission• Thorough peer review• No space constraints or color figure charges• Immediate publication on acceptance• Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar• Research which is freely available for redistributionSubmit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submitDavis et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2012, 9(Suppl 1):P4http://www.jissn.com/content/9/S1/P4Page 2 of 2

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The effects of beta-hydoxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation on muscle damage, hormonal status, and performance following a high volume 2-week overreaching cycle

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