Wind integration and AGC frequency dynamics simulations using Quasi Steady-State approximation

Abstract

Frequency dynamics studies are important at Hydro-Québec (HQ). Wind integration raises questions about HQ ability to maintain frequency regulation in normal operation and during contingencies. Quasi Steady-State (QSS) approximation is the best alternative to simulate long-term voltage and frequency dynamics without compromising the exactness of simulation results. Collaboration between HQ and University of Liège allowed the development of numerous models. Frequency dynamics is represented by machines inertia, speed governors and a complete AGC controlling 13 hydro power plants including transmission delays. For voltage dynamics, static var compensators, synchronous condensers and tap changer transformers are also represented. Wind farms are modeled as generation patterns (Pwind = f(t)) including a Wind Farm Management System (WFMS). This paper addresses wind farm integration and AGC frequency regulation. Based on HQ field measurements and observations, the most pessimistic cases were simulated. Two scenarios are detailed: the 3500 MW of wind farms currently planned for 2015 and a hypothetical 10 000 MW of wind integration. The results show that actual AGC settings are accurate for the planned wind farms, but might need some changes for a 10 000 MW scenario