Driven grouse shooting is not a stand-alone activity. It exists as part of a complex system of integrated moorland management that delivers ecological, economic, and social impacts. The critical questions are whether these impacts deliver benefits to society and the environment, and whether alternative uses of the UK’s moorlands would deliver greater benefits. This review of the extant literature in this area seeks to explore the economic, social and environmental impacts of driven grouse shooting, in order to understand its role in the economy, communities and managing moorland areas