A Demirtas-Tatlidede

A Mantovani

A Minelli

A Mogg

A Thiel

AB Arana

AL Schneider

AM Brickman

AM McIntosh

AM Speer

B Anderson

B Guse

B Langguth

B Luber

B Martis

BD Greenberg

BR Kim

BV Watts

C Miniussi

CK Loo

CL Hovington

Claudia Lage

CW Slotema

D Januel

D Koren

Derek K. Tracy

DK Tracy

DL Drane

DT Stuss

E Khedr

E Robol

F Fregni

F Van den Eynde

G Schaller

GS Figiel

GS Pell

H Hori

HH Jasper

HR Siebner

I Rektorova

J Hoppner

J-P Lefaucheur

JA Smith

JI Kang

JM Hoogendam

Katherine Wiles

M Landgrebe

M Wielgos

MB Iyer

MC Ridding

MF Green

MG Palmieri

MG Stokes

MT Berlim

N Lang

N Takeuchi

PB Fitzgerald

PEB Hansen

PM Gough

PM Rusjan

R Sparing

RE Hoffman

S Aydin-Abidin

S Rossi

SC Schachter

SC Schulze-Rauschenbach

SH Lisanby

SR Hulme

Sukhwinder S. Shergill

T-P Su

U Herwig

W Paulus

Y-H Kim

Z Nahas

Abstract
          rTMS is increasingly used for a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. There are data to support ‘fast’ rTMS (≥10 Hz) having some positive effects on cognitive functioning, but a dearth of research looking at any such effects of ‘slow’ rTMS. This question is important as cognitive dysfunction accompanies many neuropsychiatric conditions and neuromodulation that potentially enhances or hinders such functioning has important clinical consequences. To determine cognitive effects of slow (≤1 Hz) rTMS, a systematic review of randomized control trials assayed cognition in neurological, psychiatric, and healthy volunteer ≤1 Hz rTMS paradigms. Both active (fast rTMS) and placebo comparators were included. 497 Records were initially obtained; 20 met inclusion criteria for evaluation. Four major categories emerged: mood disorders; psychotic disorders; cerebrovascular accidents; and ‘other’ (PTSD, OCD, epilepsy, anxiety, and tinnitus). Cognitive effects were measured across several domains: attention, executive functioning, learning, and psychomotor speed. Variability of study paradigms and reporting precluded meta-analytical analysis. No statistically significant improvement or deterioration was consistently found in any cognitive domain or illness category. These data support the overall safety of rTMS in not adversely affecting cognitive functioning. There are some data indicating that rTMS might have cognitive enhancing potential, but these are too limited at this time to make any firm conclusions, and the literature is marked by considerable heterogeneity in study parameters that hinder interpretation. Greater consensus is required in future studies in cognitive markers, and particularly in reporting of protocols. Future work should evaluate the effects of rTMS on cognitive training.</jats:p

Crossref

Journal of Neural Transmission

A systematic review of the effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognition

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00702-016-1592-8.pdf

A systematic review of the effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognition

Abstract

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