The paper focuses on the competitive land uses generated, on one side, by the
advantages related to the exploitation of endogenous energy resources, and, on the
other side, by the aim of protection of natural and anthropic ecosystems – dealing with
the increasing awareness of the opportunities it offers in terms of economic profit and
“long lasting development” - according to two points of view:
- the wide range of conflicts, impacts and risks related to both oil and renewable
energy production processes;
- the capacity of the public decision-making system and of the spatial planning to
trigger “autonomous” and sustainable development paths.
In particular, the paper focuses on the conflicts caused by the growing spread of
offshore wind power plants (because of the hard management of their impacts on coastal
land zones) and on the impacts of oil exploitation activities on the wide “inland” and
“fragile” areas (where oil production process starts) considering its effects on coastal
areas (where oil is delivered and refined).
The areas under investigation are the inland areas of Basilicata included in the
extraction basin of the “Viggiano Oli” Center, in the Province of Potenza, from which
originates an oil production cycle that reaches the coastal areas of Puglia (in particular
that of the Province of Taranto). In addition, the coastal areas of Puglia will be considered
as regards to the impacts of the offshore wind farms.
Some final considerations concern the role of the land use and maritime spatial
planning in steering a “resilience” strategy for the areas involved in energy supply
activities, considering the analysis of the “multidimensional” risks (environmental,
economic and social) triggered by the hard economy of oil, or by the exploitation of
renewable energy resources, such as the wind power
