Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), an exotic species of Asian origin, is reported from Brazil for the first time. The oldest records from Brazil predate previous records from South America (Uruguay) by three years.
Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), uma espécie exótica de origem asiática, é relatada para o Brasil pela primeira vez. Os registros mais antigos do Brasil antecedem aqueles relatados para a América do Sul (Uruguai) em três anos

Atkinson, Thomas H.

Flechtmann, Carlos A. H.

English

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

University of Nebraska - LincolnDigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - LincolnInsecta Mundi Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville,Florida2018Oldest record of Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) fromSouth America with notes on its distribution inBrazilCarlos A. H. FlechtmannFEIS/UNESP, flechtma@bio.feis.unesp.brThomas H. AtkinsonUniversity of Texas at Austin, thatkinson.austin@gmail.comFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundiPart of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@Universityof Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska- Lincoln.Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. and Atkinson, Thomas H., "Oldest record of Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae:Scolytinae) from South America with notes on its distribution in Brazil" (2018). Insecta Mundi. 1146.http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/1146Center for SyStematiC entomology, inC., Gainesville, FLInsecta MundI A Journal of World Insect Systematics0645Oldest record of Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford)  (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America  with notes on its distribution in Brazil Carlos A. H. Flechtmann Department of Plant Protection, FEIS/UNESPIlha Solteira, São Paulo, BrazilThomas H. AtkinsonUniversity of Texas Insect Collection, Biodiversity Center University of Texas at AustinAustin, Texas 78712Date of issue: July 27, 201806451–4urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:44C15F08-3DB3-4AFB-92C7-79EE-8735AC91201827JulyCarlos A. H. Flechtmann and Thomas H. AtkinsonOldest record of Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America with notes on its distribution in Brazil Insecta Mundi 0645: 1–4ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:44C15F08-3DB3-4AFB-92C7-79EE8735AC91Published in 2018 byCenter for Systematic Entomology, Inc.P.O. Box 141874Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USAhttp://centerforsystematicentomology.org/Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. 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Archived digitally by Portico.Florida Virtual Campus: http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/insectamundiUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-135240Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/Layout Editor for this article: Robert G. Forsyth0645: 1–4 2018Oldest record of Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America with notes on its distribution in Brazil Carlos A. H. Flechtmann Department of Plant Protection, FEIS/UNESPIlha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazilflechtma@bio.feis.unesp.brThomas H. AtkinsonUniversity of Texas Insect Collection, Biodiversity Center University of Texas at AustinAustin, Texas 78712thatkinson.austin@gmail.comAbstract. Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), an exotic species of Asian ori-gin, is reported from Brazil for the first time. The oldest records from Brazil predate previous records from South America (Uruguay) by three years.Key words. Introduced species, attractants, host plants.Resumo. Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), uma espécie exótica de origem asiática, é relatada para o Brasil pela primeira vez. Os registros mais antigos do Brasil antecedem aqueles relata-dos para a América do Sul (Uruguai) em três anos.Palavras chave. Espécie introduzida, atrativos, plantas hospedeiras.IntroductionOver the past few decades the rise in international trade has led to a clear increase in the number of exotic pests detected in ports of entry and in the establishment of new exotic species worldwide, including bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (Aukema et al. 2010; Haack and Rabaglia 2013). This apparently holds true also for Brazil where recently recorded scolytine exotic forest pests include Amasa truncata (Erichson) from cultivated stands of Eucalyptus (Flechtmann and Cognato 2011) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) from native forests near ports of entry (Flechtmann and Atkinson 2016).We report here for the first time in Brazil the occurrence of Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford). This is a bark beetle species of Asian origin (Wood and Bright 1992), and recently reported as introduced in Uruguay (Gómez et al. 2012) and Italy (Faccoli et al. 2012), significantly increasing the range of its natu-ral distribution. According to the available literature, C. luteus primarily breeds in pines but there are records from other Pinaceae (Larix Miller, Picea A. Dietrich) (Wood and Bright 1992; Gómez et al. 2012).Materials and MethodsAs part of a long-term survey of bark and ambrosia beetles in Brazil we have been collecting in a variety of habitats throughout Brazil for more than 20 years. Trapping has mainly been with ethanol-baited flight intercept traps. Voucher specimens are deposited in the Museu de Entomologia da FEIS/UNESP, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil (MEFEIS) and the University of Texas Insect Collection, Austin, Texas, U.S.A. (UTIC).2 • Insecta MundI 0645, July 2018 Flechtmann and atkinsonResults and DiscussionSpecimens of C. luteus were collected from the following localities.SÃO PAULO: Lençóis Paulista, Fazenda Rio Claro, Duraflora, cerrado fragment, 22°47′32.51″S 49°1′9.29″W, α-pinene-baited FIT, 29-IX-2006, C.A.H. Flechtmann (MEFEIS, 1); Lençóis Paulista, Fazenda Rio Claro, Duraflora, Eucalyptus grandis stand planted Jul 2001, 22°49′19.0″S 48°53′36.5″W, pheromone/kairomone-baited FIT, 23-II–27-IV-2007, C.A.H. Flechtmann (MEFEIS, 5).PARANÁ: Telêmaco Borba, Fazenda Monte Alegre, Klabin, Pinus taeda stand planted Dec 1989, 24°18′56.2″S 50°30′37.5″W, pheromone/kairomone-baited FIT, 14-VI-2006–18-V-2007, C.A.H. Flecht-mann (MEFEIS, 94, UTIC, 20); Telêmaco Borba, Fazenda Monte Alegre, Klabin, mixed araucaria forest fragment, 24°19′10″S 50°34′15″W, pheromone/kairomone-baited FIT, 09-III-2007, C.A.H. Flechtmann (MEFEIS, 5).RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Santa Maria, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, naturally regenerated Pinus taeda stand planted ca. 1985, 29°40′8.03”S 53°55′16.90”W, ethanol-baited FIT, 17-XI-2011–29-V-2012, C.A.H. Flechtmann (MEFEIS, 10).In Telêmaco Borba, a variety of lures were used. Most specimens of C. luteus were captured in traps baited with ethanol + α-pinene (39 specimens), followed by those with ethanol + α-pinene + sulcatol (31), α-pinene alone (22), and α-pinene + sulcatol (19). Traps baited with sulcatol alone or sulcatol + ethanol trapped only one specimen each, while traps baited with only ethanol had zero catches. These results suggest that the kairomone α-pinene is the major attractant among those tested and may be synergized by ethanol. Similar results were obtained by other researchers, which used α-pinene in combination with other kairomones or pheromones (Fan et al. 2010; Faccoli et al. 2012; Gómez 2015). The sex ratio of trapped C. luteus in Telêmaco Borba was very close to 1:1, in all combinations of lures. At this site sampling was done for one full year and C. luteus was trapped during the entire period. However, for most localities the majority of the specimens were trapped in March, a month of high temperatures. Similar results were obtained in Uruguay (Gómez et al. 2017). In Santa Maria we set traps at heights varying from 0.5 m until 6.0 above ground, at 0.5 m increments, and specimens were evenly trapped between 1.0 m and 6.0 m height, showing there is no flight height preference in this species.Even though the literature shows there is a high association of C. luteus with Pinaceae, we trapped specimens in areas dominated by broadleaf trees: A eucalyptus stand, a cerrado fragment, a savanna formation (Lençóis Paulista), and also in an araucaria forest fragment (Telêmaco Borba). It is possible that C. luteus is colonizing the native Brazilian conifer, Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) (Araucariaceae), present in the forest named for it. Eucalyptus, however, belongs to the Myrtaceae and there are no conifers in the Brazilian cerrado. Both of these sites are more than 30 km from the nearest pine planta-tions (Agudos, São Paulo, where we trapped extensively from 1982 to 1997 without finding C. luteus). It is also possible C. luteus is not strictly associated with pines, as indicated by Murayama (1957) who cited Cornus controversa Hemsl. (Cornaceae) as a host. Despite the fact that C. luteus was found in different localities, there was no obvious damage to live trees, as was observed in Italy (Faccoli et al. 2012). Cyrtogenius luteus is considered to be able to attack live trees, but this happens very rarely and it is considered a secondary species (Chen et al. 1999).In most cases, it is very difficult to determine how and when an exotic species was introduced into a new locality. In many cases the species is established several years before it is first collected and reported (Haack and Rabaglia 2013). We also trapped between 1999 and 2001 in another stand of Pinus taeda L. in Telêmaco Borba, in the vicinity of the pine stand where C. luteus was trapped (ca. 13 km), with similar lures used to trap this species in this present report (2006 – 2007) and no specimens were trapped at that time (Flechtmann, unpublished). Our earliest records of C. luteus in Brazil date from 2006 from the states of São Paulo and Paraná, three years earlier than those reported from Uruguay (Gómez et al. 2012). It is likely that the initial introduction into South America may have been into Brazil, possibly in São Paulo (most important ports) and spread southward to Rio Grande do Sul and later Uruguay.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Robert Rabaglia, Sarah Smith, and Silvia Córdoba for helpful reviews.Insecta MundI 0645, July 2018 • 3Cyrtogenius luteus from South AmericALiterature CitedAukema, J. E., D. G. McCullough, B. Von Holle, A. M. Liebhold, K. Britton, and S. J. Frankel. 2010. Historical accumulation of nonindigenous forest pests in the continental United States. BioScience 60: 886–897.Chen, H., M. Tang, H. Ye, and F. Yuan. 1999. Niche of bark beetles within Pinus armandii ecosystem in inner Qinling Mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 35: 40–44.Faccoli, M., M. Simonato, and E. P. Toffolo. 2012. First record of Cyrtogenius Strohmeyer in Europe, with a key to the European genera of the tribe Dryocoetini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Zootaxa 3423: 27–35.Fan, J.-T., D. R. Miller, L.-W. Zhang, and J.-H. Sun. 2010. Effects of bark beetle pheromones on the attraction of Monochamus alternatus to pine volatiles. Insect Science 17: 553–556.Flechtmann, C. A. H., and T. H. Atkinson. 2016. First records of Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Mots-chulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America, with notes on its distribution and spread in the New World. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70: 79–83.Figure 1. New and previously reported localities for Cyrtogenius luteus in South America.4 • Insecta MundI 0645, July 2018 Flechtmann and atkinsonFlechtmann, C. A. H., and A. I. Cognato. 2011. First report of Amasa truncata (Erichson) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Brazil. The Coleopterists Bulletin 65: 417–421.Gómez, D., A. Hirigoyen, G. Balmelli, C. Viera, and G. Martínez. 2017. Patterns in flight phe-nologies of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in commercial pine tree plantations in Uruguay. Bosque 38: 47–53.Gómez, D., G. Martinez, and R. A. Beaver 2012. First record of Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the Americas and its distribution in Uruguay. The Coleopterists Bulletin 66: 362–364.Gómez, L. D. 2015. Estudio de estacionalidad de las especies de escarabajos de corteza en plantaciones de pino, p. 14–27. In: Proceedings of Escolítidos en Uruguay, situación actual y perspectivas, Tacua-rembó, Uruguay. INIA, Serie de Actividades de Difusión, 750. 27 p.Haack, R. A., and R. J. Rabaglia. 2013. Exotic bark and ambrosia beetles in the USA: potential and current invaders. p. 48–74. In: J. E. Pena (ed.). Potential invasive pests of agricultural crops. CABI; Wallingford, UK. (CABI Invasive Series, 3). 464 p.Murayama, J. 1957. Dryocoetinae (Coleoptera, Ipidae) from the Northern Half of the Far East. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University 8: 587–632.Wood, S. L., and D. E. Bright, Jr. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), part 2, vol. A: taxonomic index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1–833.Received June 21, 2018; accepted 9 July, 2018. Review editor Michael L. Ferro.

Oldest record of \u3ci\u3eCyrtogenius luteus\u3c/i\u3e (Blandford)
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America
with notes on its distribution in Brazil

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2151&amp;context=insectamundi

Oldest record of \u3ci\u3eCyrtogenius luteus\u3c/i\u3e (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America with notes on its distribution in Brazil

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