Holien, Håkon

Palice, Zdenek

NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives

Lecidea subhumida Vain., a pine wood specialist new to Scandinavia.

Brage Nord Open Research Archive

 Copyright Håkon Holien & Zdeněk Palice. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Published 2018-06-13 by The Nordic Lichen Society, http://nhm2.uio.no/lichens/NLS. Lecidea subhumida Vain., a pine wood specialist new to Scandinavia HÅKON HOLIEN and ZDENĚK PALICE Holien, H. & Palice, Z. 2018. Lecidea subhumida Vain., a pine wood specialist new to Scandinavia. Graphis Scripta 30 (6): 59–64. Oslo. ISSN 2002-4495. Lecidea subhumida Vain. is reported from Scandinavia for the first time. The locality in Grane, northern Norway, is an old coniferous forest dominated by Pinus sylvestris with scattered Picea abies and Betula pubescens. Lecidea subhumida grows on hard wood of pine in open situation. It is elsewhere only known from Finland and Russia. Håkon Holien, Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, NORD University, Box 2501, NO-7729 Steinkjer, Norway and NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. E-mail: hakon.holien@nord.no  Zdeněk Palice, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha, Czech Republic. E-mail: zdenek.palice@ibot.cas.cz (corresponding author) Introduction In the autumn of 2016 the first author sampled lichens in old pine forest in Grane municipality, northern Norway (Holien et al. 2018). Two specimens with small, strongly convex, shiny dark brown apothecia collected on hard pine wood looked very much like Japewia tornoensis (Nyl.) Tønsberg in the field. A closer microscopical examination showed that the ascospores were of different shape and much smaller than the ascospores of that species. The specimens were sent to the second author who was able to identify it as Lecidea subhumida Vain. (Vainio 1883, Magnusson 1952). As this species has not been reported from Scandinavia before, we present a short description of the morphology, ecology and distribution. Material and Methods The study is based on material collected by the first author and deposited in TRH. An isotype was borrowed from the herbarium in Helsinki (H) for comparison. One specimen was tested by thin layer chromatography (TLC) according to standard methods (Orange et al. 2001). For anatomical studies we used a Zeiss light microscope (with magnification of 400×, 630× and 1000×) and an Olympus CX41 light microscope (100×, 400×, 600× and 1000×). Ascospore measurements were made in K (i.e. a 10 % solution of potassium hydroxide).    GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 30 (2018) 60  The Species Lecidea subhumida Vain. Type: Finland. Lapponia Inarensis: Inari, Paatsjoki, supra lignum Pini in regione pinifera, 1878-07-13, E.A. Vainio (TUR-V 23289, lectotype selected by Printzen 1995 [ICN Art. 9.9], not seen; H 9503555, isolectotype, seen by HH), see Vainio (1883). Description of the Norwegian specimens: (Fig. 1) Thallus dark olive grey to brownish, thin, consisting of distinct granules or goniocysts, partly endoxylic or bursting up from the substrate, 15–40 µm in diam. Goniocysts formed by brown pigmented to hyaline hyphae depending on exposure, firmly enclasping the photobiont cells in one layer. Hyphae (2–) 2.5–3 (–4) µm broad, intricately interwoven. Photobiont trebouxioid, with a distinct parietal pyrenoid, (5–) 7–16 (–17) µm in diam., with a quite thick wall (c. 1–1.5 µm). Apothecia reddish brown, dark brown to brown-black, distinctly glossy, early becoming convex, (0.3–) 0.5–0.8 (–1.1) mm in diam. Excipulum colourless and indistinct inside, rather thin, laterally 15–40 µm wide, of parallel to branched hyphae with lumina c. 1–1.5 µm, inner basal part merging with hypothecium, reduced with age, external part brown pigmented (KOH+ olive-brown), reaching to the base of the apothecia, composed of distally enlarged cells of excipular hyphae up to 6 μm in diam., with a thin apical pigment cap. Hypothecium pale, non-inspersed of interwoven hyphae c. 1.5–2.5 µm. Hymenium 60–75 µm high, pale, amyloid. Epihymenium 0–15 µm high, with brown amorphous pigment, KOH+ olive-brown, dispersed around paraphyses apices and occassionally streaking into hymenium. Paraphyses simple to sparsely branched, conglutinate, c. 1–1.3 µm broad at mid of hymenium, apically slightly thickened to sometimes capitate, 3–6 µm at apices. Asci 40–50 × 12–15 µm, cylindrical to clavate, of Lecanora-type. Ascospores simple, non-halonate, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid/ovoid, occassionally subglobose, (7–) 8–10 (–10.5) × (3–) 3.5–5 (–6) µm. Pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: No secondary compounds. Distribution and Ecology: The type locality in Inari Lapland, northern Finland is not far from the Finnish-Norwegian-Russian border in Pasvik. According to Alava et al. (2004) the locality is near the outflow of the Paz river (Pasvikelva) E of Laiti, ca. 68°55’N, 28°26’E. In addition it has been recorded from a few localities in southern Finland (Santesson et al. 2004). Recently it has also been published from Russia close to the Norwegian border in Pasvik (Urbanavichus & Fadeeva 2018). As this is a rather small species it may have been overlooked to some extent. However, it is likely that this is a northern, pine forest species. Spribille et al. (2008) list the species among a group of crustose, lignicolous lichens from Fennoscandia that has not been collected or rarely collected since they were described in the late 1800s. The Norwegian locality in Danielåsen, Grane (see below) is a pine dominated forest in the slightly oceanic section of the northern boreal vegetation zone (Moen 1999). The pine forest is mixed with scattered birch and spruce trees (Fig. 2) and small, mostly rather poor, minerotrophic mires and surrounded by old spruce forest which is largely protected as nature reserve. Only a part of the pine dominated area is included in the reserve. The forest history in the locality has been investigated by Holien et al. (2018). A dendrochronological study documented tree ages between 300 and 612 years for pine and up to 330 years for spruce. The amount of dead wood is high with so-called  kelo  trees,  dead  standing trees  and snags, as  well as stumps and upturned, windblown GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 30 (2018)  61   Figure 1. Lecidea subhumida, HH 15344, TRH-L17961, scale = 0.4 mm.   trees. Many stumps and kelo trees show signs of a severe wildfire in 1831 which probably destroyed most of the spruce, but a lot of pine trees survived. Since then no severe wildfires have been documented from the area. Lecidea subhumida seems to prefer naked, rather hard pine wood. Among closely associated species were Buellia arborea Coppins & Tønsberg, Lecanora circumborealis Brodo & Vitik., Lecanora phaeostigma (Körb.) Almb., Lecidea turgidula Fr., Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norman, Ochrolechia gowardii Brodo, O. mahluensis Räsänen, Pycnora praestabilis (Nyl.) Hafellner and Ramboldia elabens (Fr.) Kantvilas & Elix as well as the nonlichenized fungus Coccomycetella richardsonii (Leight.) Sherwood (Holien & Diederich 2012). On kelo trees nearby the red-listed pin lichens/allied fungi Calicium denigratum (Vain.) Tibell and Chaenothecopsis fennica (Laurila) Tibell occurred.  Specimens examined: Norway. Nordland: Grane, Danielåsen, 65.54470°N, 13.61826°E, on dead decorticated branch of living Pinus sylvestris, 350 m alt, 2016-10-10, H. Holien 15374, J. Lorås & S. E. Eidissen (TRH L-17962); ibid., 65.54482°N, 13.61361°E, on hard wood, stump of Pinus sylvestris, 350 m alt., 2016-10-10, H. Holien 15344, J. Lorås & S. E. Eidissen (TRH L-17961). GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 30 (2018) 62   Figure 2. The habitat for Lecidea subhumida in Danielåsen, northern Norway showing an open forest dominated by Pinus sylvestris including snags and kelo trees with scattered Picea abies. Discussion As already indicated by Vainio (1883) Lecidea subhumida is habitually similar to Japewia tornoensis. That species is distinguished by its thick-walled, broadly ellipsoid, much bigger ascospores, c. 8–15 × 15–24 µm. Vainio (l.c.) however argued it is more closely related to another taxon. The epithet «subhumida» refers to the similarity with Lecidea humida (Kullh.) Th. Fr., a terricolous cyanophilic lichen currently known as Gregorella humida (Kullh.) Lumbsch (Ostropomycetidae, Arctomiaceae). Indeed, this lichen is somewhat similar externally forming convex redbrown apothecia and greyish granulose thalli, but the size of both ascospores and GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 30 (2018)  63  goniocysts are larger (Vondrák et al. 2013). Nevertheless, the terricolous habitat and Nostocalean photobiont doubtlessly prevent any misidentification.  The small granules of Lecidea subhumida might be interpreted as soredia in a broad sense (see Tønsberg 1992). Other lecideoid species with red-brown apothecia growing on coniferous wood that may form distinct granulose or sorediate thalli include some species of Myochroidea and Placynthiella. Both genera are unrelated and have quite a different anatomy and asci. The latter genus deviates even macroscopically in producing matt, non-glossy, often distinctly marginate apothecia. Members of both above mentioned genera that may grow on wood are recognizable even when sterile due to a content of secondary lichen metabolites except the poorly known Myochroidea minuta Printzen, T. Sprib. & Tønsberg known only from the Pacific Northwest of America (see Printzen et al. 2008). Some extreme morphs of Lecanora phaeostigma with finely areolate, quasi-granulose thalli may be somewhat similar to Lecidea subhumida, but these specimens do not show any grey tinge of thalli and are easily recognizable anatomically due to differently shaped and sized ascospores as well as by asci of the Fuscidea-type (Wirth et al. 2013). As already stated by Printzen (1995) Lecidea subhumida neither belongs to Lecidea nor to Biatora, but probably is a member of Lecanoraceae. This was also confirmed by our microscopic examination of asci. Acknowledgements: The first author thanks NORD University for funding the fieldwork in Danielåsen. And thanks to Jostein Lorås and Siw Elin Eidissen, Nesna for cooperation and company in the field, as well as to Leena Myllys for arranging the loan of the isotype specimen. The second author is obliged to Christian Printzen for sharing his knowledge on biatoroid lichens. The continuous support of ZP by the project no. RVO 67985939 is also acknowledged. Teuvo Ahti helped with tracing the type locality. Jiří Machač made the habit photo of the lichen. This paper is dedicated to our colleague and friend Tor Tønsberg on the occasion of his 70th birthday. References Alava, R., Laine, U. & Huhtinen, S. 2004. Edvard August Vainio's travels to Finnish and Russian Karelia and to Finnish Lapland. Publications from the Herbarium University of Turku 9: 1–62. Holien, H. & Diederich, P. 2012. Coccomycetella richardsonii (Odontotremataceae, Ostropales), an ascomycete new to Norway. Agarica 35: 3–5. Holien, H., Lorås, J. & Eidissen, S.E. 2018. Forest history, ecology and lichen flora in a Pinus sylvestris dominated area in Danielåsen, Grane municipality, Nordland. Blyttia 75 (in press). [In Norwegian] Magnusson, A.H. 1952. Key to the species of Lecidea in Scandinavia and Finland. II. Non-saxicolous species. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 46: 313–323. Moen, A. 1999. National Atlas of Norway: Vegetation. Hønefoss: Norwegian Mapping Authority. Orange, A., James, P.W. & White, F.J. 2001. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens. London: British Lichen Society. Printzen, C. 1995. Die Flechtengattung Biatora in Europa. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 60: 1–275. Printzen, C., Spribille, T. & Tønsberg, T. 2008. Myochroidea, a new genus of corticolous, crustose lichens to accommodate the Lecidea leprosula group. Lichenologist 40: 195–207. Santesson, R., Moberg, R., Nordin, A., Tønsberg, T. & Vitikainen, O. 2004. Lichenforming and lichenicolous fungi of Fennoscandia. Museum of Evolution, Uppsala. Spribille, T., Thor, G., Bunnell, F.L., Goward, T. & Björk, C.R. 2008. Lichens on dead wood: species-substrate relationships in the epiphytic lichen floras of the Pacific Northwest and Fennoscandia. Ecography 31: 741–750. Tønsberg, T. 1992. The sorediate and isidiate, corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway. Sommerfeltia 14: 1–331. GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 30 (2018) 64  Urbanavichus, G.P. & Fadeeva, M.A. 2018. New records for lichen flora of Pasvik Reserve (Murmansk region). Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University 2018/3: 101–110. [in Russian] Vainio, E.A. 1883. Adjumenta ad lichenographiam Lapponiae fennicae atque Fenniae borealis. 2. Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 10: 1–230. Vondrák, J., Palice, Z., Mareš, J. & Kocourková, J. 2013. Two superficially similar lichen crusts, Gregorella humida and Moelleropsis nebulosa, and a description of the new lichenicolous fungus Llimoniella gregorellae. Herzogia 26: 31–48. Wirth, V., Hauck, M. & Schultz, M. 2013. Die Flechten Deutschlands. Band I. & II. Stuttgart: Ulmer Verlag. 

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Lecidea subhumida Vain., a pine wood specialist new to Scandinavia

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publishedVersionCopyright Håkon Holien & Zdeněk Palice. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original auth or and source are credited

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Lecidea subhumida Vain., a pine wood specialist new to Scandinavia

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