General Relativity Constraints the Proper Times and Predicts the Frozen Stars Instead of the Black Holes

Abstract

In a static gravitational field an intersection of a worldline by a global hypersurface of simultaneity t=const gives an invariant constraint relating the proper time of this event by t. Since at any finite t the such constrained proper time intervals are less than reqiured for crossing a horizon, general relativity predicts the gravitational freezing of proper times in stars with time-like or null geodesics everywhere. The time dilation stabilizes contracting massive stars by freezing, which is maximal but finite at the centre, and the surface is frozen near the gravitational radius. The frozen stars (frozars) slowly defrost due to emissions and external interactions, the internal phase transitions can initiate refreezing with bursts and explosions.Comment: 10 pages. Submitted to Phys. Lett. B. Reviesed versio