Scifres, C. J.

Welch, T. G.

English

Texas A&amp;M Repository

I )... (I,. tg~L-2170~W\ ~Texas Agricultural Extension Service~---"""I-'-- PPAIJ& H~bt!I PPAfJ~----------...".MACARTNEY ROSE CONTROL SYSTEMST.G. Welch and C.J. Scifres*Macartney rose (Rosa bracteata), also known as"Cherokee," "hedge" and "rose hedge," is a severemanagement problem on more than 500,000 acres inSoutheast Texas, especially on the Coastal Prairie.The thorny vine can establish covers so dense it vir-tually eliminat s forage production and greatlyhinders livestock management. Macartney rose isuseful as browse and for wildlife cover but, ifallowed to establish excessive cover, the disadvan-tages greatly outweigh its merits. Herbicides, mech-anical methods and prescribed burning have beenevaluated for controlling Macartney rose, but nosingle method has been totally effective.Each available method has unique advantagesand weaknes es. Control may be achieved more effi-ciently when methods are used in a systemsapproach. Brush control systems capitalize on thestrengths of two or more methods by applying themin a specific treatment sequence. Since managementobjective vary among range livestock producers,there is no single "best" system. The best IntegratedBrush Management System (lBMS) is that whichmost effectively achieves the producer's specificobjectives.Control AlternativesSelecting an initial treatment for a controlprogram depends on size and cover of the brushstand. In general, Macartney rose problems occur inone of four situations ranging from dense stands oflarge plants to scattered plants and/or isolatedclumps. Use figure I to select the alternative whichbest fits your specific situation based on character-istics of the Macartney rose problem. Applicationprocedures for specific alternatives are described intable 1. Also, note that expected results from eachal terna ti ve are descri bed an d follow- u pmanagement needs are identified. Use the manage-ment needs in table 1 to select the next logical alter-native from figure 1. Proper application of the selec-ted follow-up alternative is then described in table 1,and the process is repeated until the Macartney rosecontrol program is in a "maintenance" state. Whenthis process is used to meet specific land manage-ment objectives in conjunction with effective*Extension range brush and weed control specialist andThomas M. O'Connor Professor of Range Science, TexasAgricultural Experiment Station, The Texas A&M UniversitySystem.28.12grazing management, the basis for an IntegratedBrush Management System (lBMS) has been formed.Role of Grazing ManagementEffective management of grazing animals shouldbe an integral part of all brush control programs.Sophisticated grazing systems are not required.However, if long term benefits of the brush man-agement program are to be realized, follow regular,planned grazing deferments to allow native foragestands to respond to reductions in the Macartneyrose cover (restore vigor, set seed, establish seedlings,etc.). Such a grazing management program allowsscheduling the application of treatments to coincidewith a normal deferment period thus preventing apotentially expensive unplanned deferment. If theranch has a planned grazing system, a systematicapproach to range improvements is more easilyimplemented. A progressive inclusion of pastures inthe brush management program allows improve-ment over a period of years. A rancher can graduallyincrease his livestock numbers to effectively utilizeimproved forage production as well as spread hisinvestment over several years.COMMON, CHEMICAL AND PRODUCT NAMESOF HERBICIDESIn table 2, the recommended herbicides havebeen identified by the accepted Weed ScienceSociety of America's common name or other com-mon designation, the correct chemical names asrequired on the label and where practical, one ormore product names. For herbicides marketed underthree or more labels, the designation "several manu-facturers" have been used rather than attempting tolist all the trade formulations.Product names included in this publication arenot intended as an endorsement of the product of aspecific manufacturer, nor is there any implicationthat any other formulation containing the sameactive chemical is not equally as effective. Productnames are included solely to aid persons in locatingand identifying the recommended herbicides.Suggestions on use of herbicides made by theTexas Agricultural Extension Service are basedupon effectiveness under Texas conditions.Suggested herbicides must be registered andlabeled for use by the Environmental ProtectionAgency. Because the status of herbicide labelTexas Agricultural Extension Service. Zerle L. Carpenter, Director. The Texas A&M University System. College Station, TexasTable 1. Application particulars, anticipated results and subsequent management needs for alternatives selected in developing an Inte-grated Brush Management System (IBMS) for Macartney rose-infested rangeland.Mechanical methods caus- Raking/stackinging minimal soil disturb-anceSituationHeavycoverofMacartneyrose (especially overlarge areas and mostplants 16ft tall)MethodAerial applicationherbicidesAlternativesof 1. 2,4-0 low-volatile ester(3 qt/acre' in fall)or2. 2,4-0 amine salt (4 qtlacre in spring)or3. Grazon P+O (4qt/acre2 )in fall or springor4. Tank mix 2 qtlacre 2,4-o low-volatile ester oramine salt with 1 qtlacreGrazon PC3 (in fall use2,4-0 low-volatile ester; inspring use 2,4-0 amine)ApplicationparticularsApply herbicide in enoughcarrier solution (4 to 15gal/acre of water + 0.5%vlv surfactant) to insureuniform coverage of brushfoliage; apply when soilwater content and ai rtemperature are adequatefor active brush growthand under conditionswhich minimize spraydriftUsing front-end rake,push top growth intowindrows or piles; allowdebris to dry; burn pilesAnticipatedresultsBest results will be ob-tained with herbicide con-taining picloram (GrazenP+O or Grazon PC).Re-duce brush cover by morethan 80% for 90 to 120days; at the end of thesecond growing seasonbrush canopy reductionby 50 to 60% but newsprouts 6-36 in tall (de-pending on post-treat-ment rainfall) on 75% ormore of the plants; grassreleased but forb popula-tions reduced; dry caneshindering grazing distri-butionRemove aerial brushgrowth; up roots fewplants; releases herba-ceous vegetation; brushsprouts rapidly developfrom crowns and rootsFollow-upmanagement needsContinued improvementof range condition andforage production; rein-state forbs; remove deadcanes; suppress newbrush sprouts (see "B,"fig ure 1 for next step)Reduce number of livebrush plants; improverange condition andforage production (see"B," figure 1 for next step)Heavy cover of Macartneyrose but 3-6 ft tallBroadcast application ofherbicides with ground oraerial equipment1. 2,4-0 low-volatile esterin the fall (2 qtlacre)or2. 2,4-0 amine salt in thespring (2 qtlacre)or3. Grazon P+O (4 qtlacre)in fall or springor4. Tank mix 2 qtlacre 2,4-o low volatile ester (forfall application) or 2,4-0amine salt (for springapplication) with 1 qt/acre Grazon PCSame as described forplants 16 ft tall exceptapply in at least 20 to 30gal/acre for groundbroadcast to insurecoverage of brush foliageSame as following appli-cation to plants16 ft tall(see above)Same as for aerial appli-cation of herbicides toplants.!,6 ft tall (see aboveand see "C," figure 1 fornext step)Scattered plants orclumpsLocalized area of heavyregrowth on burned areasScattered plants orclumps on burned areasIndividual plant treatmentwith herbicide spraysPrescribed burningIndividual plant treatmentwith pelleted herbicidesBroadcast application ofherbicide pelletsIndividual plant treatmentwith pelleted herbicide1. 1 gal 2,4-0 low-volatileesteror2. 1 gal 2,4-0 amine saltor3. 1 gal Grazon P+Dor4. 2 qt 2,4-0 low-volatileester or amine salt plus 1qt Grazon PCMix herbicide and 8 to 32oz surfactant in sufficientwater to make 100 gal ofmixtureCool season (Dec-Feb)burn as initial practice oras follow-up (within 18 to24 months) to chemical ormechanical practiceGrazon 10K (Tordon 10K)4Grazon 10K (Tordon 10K)pellets at 10 Ib/acreGrazon 10K (Tordon 10K)pelletsApply in spring or fall withgood growth condition;apply with adequatepressure to thoroughlycover all foliage andstemsAccumulate at least 2,000Ib/acre (preferably 3,000Ib/acre or more) of uni-formily distributed finefuel; use headfire on clearday when relative humid-ity C70%, air temperature1600 F. and wind 6 to 10mphApply 0.5 to 1 tsp of 10%pellets per foot of canopydiameter ahead of springrains (use higher dosageon heavy clay soils);spread evenly through-out canopy areaApply with PTO-drivenfertilizer/seed spreader todeliver pellets in 20-40 ftwide swaths to heavilyinfested areas only. Applydirectly into the ashimmediately followinglate winter burnApply 1 tbsp of pellets per100 sq ft (10 ft x 10 ft);apply directly into ash ofplant or clump immedi-ately following late winterburnBest results will be ob-tained with herbicidecontaining picloram(Grazon P+D or GrazonPC). Reduce brushcanopy by at least 90% for90-120 days; canopyreduction greater than80% at end of firstgrowing season; kill morethan 60% of plantsRemoval of brush topgrowth and coarseforage; removal of deadcanes from chemicalpractice; improve grazingdistribution; rapid re-growth from brushcrown/rootsKill 60% or more of thebrush plantsReduce canopy cover ofMacartney rose by at least85% for two growingseasons after treatment;release grasses; reduceforb populations for atleast the first growingseasonSame as for broadcastapplication of plantsImprove range conditionand forage production;remove dead canes; sup-press invading brushplants (see "0," figure 1for next step)Improve range conditior,and forage production;suppress sprouts on sur-viving brush plants (see"E," figure 1 for nextstep)lmprove range conditionand forage production;suppress invading plantsand surviving sprouts;remove dead woodydebris (see "F," figure 1for next step)1mprove range conditionand forage production;rei nstate forbs; suppresssprouts on survivingplants (see "F," figure 1for next step)Same as for broadcastapplication of pellets (see"F," figure 1 for next step)'Based on 4lb/gal (active ingredient) herbicide; 2Based on 2.5Ib/gal (active ingredient) herbicide (2Ib/gaI2.4-D + 0.5Ib/gal picloram); 3Based on 2lb/gal of picloram as active ingredient; 'Pelletscontain 10% picrolam as active ingredient.Table 2. Recommended herbicides.Herbicidecommon name Chemical name Product nameActive ingredientor acid equivalent2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acidSeveralmanufacturersAmine salts andestersPicloram 4-am ino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acidGrazon PCGrazon 10KTordon 10K2lb/gal10%10%Picloram :2,4-D(1:4)See picloram and 2,4-D Grazon P + D 2.5 Ib/galCharacteristics of Macartney Rose Problem...------------------------Yes---------------------,tNoYesjApply PelletsMay be Applied- ImmediatelyFollowing WinterBurnIYesE.PrescribedBurnSpray IndividualPlants or Treatwith Pellets(See SpecificTreatment -NoRecommendationslNo-Ground BroadcastSprayor BroadcastNo- Apply PelletsISee SpecificTreatment Re-commendations)~---------Yes------'No,Rakeand Stack:Yes- Chain andBurn Debris:Aerial SprayNo~Broadcast SprayYes-- (See SpecificTreatmentRecommendations)No~Yes-No~Yes-Figure 1. Flow chart for selecting methods for managing Macartney rose infestations.clearance is subject to change, be certain that theherbicide is currently labeled for the intended use.The user is always responsible for the effects ofherbicide residue on his livestock and crops, as wellas for problems that could arise from drift or move-ment of the herbicide from his property to that ofothers. A lways read and follow carefully the instruc-tions on the container label.AcknowledgmentsInformation herein was developed from the collec-tive experiences of researchers. Extension personneland ranchers who have evaluated control measures onMacartney rose for many years. Work of R. A. Gordon,J. L. Mutz, C.W. Hanselka and G.O. Hoffman (de-ceased) was of particular value.The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is madewith the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service isimplied.EducationaL programs conducted by the Texas AgricuLturaL Extension Service serve peopLe of aLL ages regardLess of ocioeconomic LeveL,race, coLor, sex, reLigion, handicap or nationaL origin.Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of Congress of May B, 1914, as amended.and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Zer1e L. Carpenter, Director, Texa AgriculturalExtension Service, The Texas A&M University System.3M-B-BS RS 3-1

Macartney Rose Control Systems.

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Macartney Rose Control Systems.

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Macartney Rose Control Systems.

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