A growing study evaluated increasing inclusions of corn distillers solubles (CDS) at 10, 20, 30, and 40%, or increasing wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) at 10, 20, 30, and 40% compared to a corn control. Corn was replaced by CDS or WDGS in each forage-based diet. Increasing CDS resulted in a quadratic increase for both DMI and F:G. Increasing WDGS linearly increased both DMI and ADG with no effect on F:G. The energy value of CDS is less than that of corn, whereas WDGS had an energy value similar to corn in growing diets with 50% brome hay. A 73.7% TDN value was determined for CDS at 40% inclusion in forage-based diets

Bondurant, Robert G.

Erickson, Galen E.

Hansen, Benjamin H.

Hilscher, F. Henry, Hilscher

MacDonald, Jim C.

English

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

University of Nebraska - LincolnDigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - LincolnNebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department2018Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles on GrowingSteer PerformanceBenjamin H. HansenUniversity of Nebraska - LincolnRobert G. BondurantUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, robby.bondurant@unl.eduF. Henry Hilscher HilscherUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, henry.hilscher@unl.eduGalen E. EricksonUniversity of Nebraska - Lincoln, gerickson4@unl.eduJim C. MacDonaldUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, jmacdonald2@unl.eduFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcrPart of the Large or Food Animal and Equine Medicine Commons, Meat Science Commons, andthe Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It hasbeen accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.Hansen, Benjamin H.; Bondurant, Robert G.; Hilscher, F. Henry Hilscher; Erickson, Galen E.; and MacDonald, Jim C., "Evaluation ofCorn Distillers Solubles on Growing Steer Performance" (2018). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 982.http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/9822018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report · 45 ©  The Board Regents of the University of  Nebraska. All rights reserved.29.7% DM, 30.2% CP, 5.4% fat, and 1.4% S. The nutrient profile of WDGS utilized in the study (Abengoa Ethanol, York, NE) contained 30.6% DM, 37.9% CP, 14.4% fat, and 0.8% S. All diets included 50% brome hay, 3% SoyPass® (LignoTech USA), 2% corn gluten meal (CGM), and 5% dry sup-plement. SoyPass® and CGM were blended due to their complementarity in amino acid profiles to ensure rumen undegradable protein was sufficient to meet metabolizable protein (MP) requirement. Supplements were formulated to provide 200 mg/hd Ru-mensin® (Elanco Animal Health). Urea was added at 0.65% diet DM for the control diet and 0.33% diet DM for both 10% inclusion of CDS and WDGS in order to meet rumen degradable protein requirement.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS as a randomized com-plete block design. Steer was the experi-mental unit and BW block was analyzed as a fixed effect. Similar to previous research (2014 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 64– 66) net energy equations from the NRC (1996) were used to predict energy concentrations of the corn control diet based on observed performance parameters and then replaced using observed performance parameters for each CDS and WDGS diet to determine as well as wet distillers grains plus solubles being fed in forage- based diets and their effects on growing steer performance.ProcedureA 96- d growing study utilizing 120 crossbred steers (BW = 807 lb; SD = 66 lb) was conducted at the Eastern Nebraska Research and Extension Center feedlot, Mead, NE. Steers were limit fed a common diet at 2.0% BW for 5 days and weighed for three consecutive days to account for gut fill at the beginning and end of the trial. Steers were individually fed utilizing Calan gates, blocked by BW, and assigned randomly to treatment. Nine treatments were utilized with 13 steers/treatment, except for the basal control diet, which included 16 steers. Steers were implanted with Ralgro® (Merck Animal Health) on day 1.Treatments consisted of increasing inclusion of CDS (10, 20, 30, and 40% DM) or WDGS (10, 20, 30, and 40% DM) plus a corn control diet with no by- product (Table 1). By- products (WDGS or CDS) replaced corn in the diets. The nutrient profile of CDS utilized in the study (Aurora Pacific Ethanol, Aurora, NE and Green Plains Ethanol, Wood River, NE) contained Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles  on Growing Steer PerformanceBenjamin H. HansenRobert G. BondurantF. Henry HilscherGalen E. EricksonJim C. MacDonaldSummary with ImplicationsA growing study evaluated increasing inclusions of corn distillers solubles (CDS) at 10, 20, 30, and 40%, or increasing wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) at 10, 20, 30, and 40% compared to a corn control. Corn was replaced by CDS or WDGS in each forage- based diet. Increasing CDS resulted in a quadratic increase for both DMI and F:G. Increasing WDGS linearly increased both DMI and ADG with no effect on F:G. The energy value of CDS is less than that of corn, whereas WDGS had an energy value similar to corn in growing diets with 50% brome hay. A 73.7% TDN value was determined for CDS at 40% inclusion in forage- based diets.IntroductionForage- based diets containing corn dis-tillers solubles (CDS) have similar F:G with 93% the feeding value compared to corn (2016 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 29– 30). Whereas, CDS fed in high concentrate diets improve F:G with 147% the feeding value compared to corn (2018 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 94–96). Oil removal from CDS, in forage- based diets, minimally impacts F:G at 20% inclusions, with no effect at 40% inclusions (2013 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 25– 26). Additionally, previous research on forage- based diets containing wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) has suggested a TDN for WDGS of 113%. Using this TDN value, a feeding value was then calculated at 137% the value of corn (2015 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 34– 35). Similar values are need-ed for CDS. Therefore, the objective of this trial was to evaluate corn distillers solubles, Table 1. Dietary composition (DM basis) of treatments fed to yearling steers1Ingredient CONCDS, % Inclusion WDGS, % Inclusion10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40DRC 40 30 30 10 - 30 20 10 - CDS - 10 20 30 40 - - - - WDGS - - - - - 10 20 30 40Brome Hay 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50SoyPass® 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3CGM 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Supplement2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5Nutrient Composition, %CP 13.3 13.8 16.0 18.1 20.3 14.6 17.5 20.4 23.4Fat 3.16 3.30 3.41 3.51 3.61 4.20 5.20 6.19 7.191DRC=dry- rolled corn, CDS=corn distillers solubles, WDGS=wet distillers grains plus solubles, CGM=corn gluten meal.2Urea was added at 0.65% for CON diet, 0.33% for 10% CDS diet, and 0.33% for 10% WDGS diet.46 · 2018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Reportpp. 64– 66), a 51.7, 55.2, 68.9, and 73.7% TDN value was determined for CDS in the 10, 20, 30, and 40% CDS diets, respectively. The quadratic response of F:G indicates a negative associative effect between corn and CDS in forage- based diets. Data would conclude that the energy value of CDS is less than corn in forage- based diets.As WDGS inclusion increased, DMI (P < 0.01) and ADG (P = 0.05) increased linearly (Table 3). As a result, no differences for F:G were observed as WDGS inclusion increased. The NRC model determined a 77.8% TDN value for the 40% WDGS diet. These data disagree with previous research on distillers grains fed in forage- based diets, which observed a greater energy value for distillers grains compared to corn (2015 Ne-braska Beef Report pp. 34– 35). It is unclear why WDGS did not outperform corn when MP requirement was met in all diets during this trial.The energy value of CDS is less than corn in forage- based diets with reduction in F:G up to 18%. Feeding 40% CDS was calculated to have a TDN value of 73.7%, which is lower than corn (83%) in forage- based diets. The inclusion of WDGS in forage- based diets resulted in similar performance to corn, which does not agree with previous research indicating distillers grains (wet or dry) has a feeding value of 136% compared to corn.Benjamin H. Hansen, graduate studentRobert G. Bondurant, research technicianF. Henry Hilscher, research technicianGalen E. Erickson, professor, Animal Science, LincolnJim C. MacDonald, associate professor, Animal Science, LincolnResultsIncreasing inclusion of CDS quadrat-ically increased DMI and F:G (P = 0.02) up to 20% CDS diet with similar ADG (P = 0.42) (Table 2). Since ADG was not different among CDS inclusions, yet DMI increased quadratically, all inclusions re-sulted in greater F:G compared to the corn control. Feeding CDS resulted in a 12, 18, 14, and 11% reduction in F:G for the 10, 20, 30, and 40% inclusions of CDS, respectively. Utilizing the NRC model similar to previ-ous research (2014 Nebraska Beef Report energy concentration of WDGS and CDS compared to corn for each diet. In order to do so, TDN values were applied for the control diet (DRC=83% and alfalfa=55%) and then NE adjusters were adjusted to match observed animal performance. Corn was then replaced with WDGS or CDS at each respective concentration and their TDN values were adjusted until each diet met their observed performance outcomes, respectively.Table 2. Effect of CDS inclusion on performance of growing steersPerformance CONCDS, % InclusionSEMCDS Effect10 20 30 40 Lin1 Quad2Initial BW, lb. 808 805 807 809 808 19 0.95 0.96Final BW, lb. 1,042 1,023 1,033 1,033 1,034 20 0.92 0.68DMI, lb./d 20.6d 21.4cd 23.6ab 22.4abc 22.2abcd 0.6 0.04 0.02ADG, lb./d 2.44bc 2.27c 2.36bc 2.33c 2.36bc 0.09 0.72 0.42F:G 8.43a 9.43abc 10.00c 9.62bc 9.41abc - 0.07 0.02TDN, %3 83 51.7 55.2 68.9 73.7 - - - 1Linear effect of CDS2Quadratic effect of CDS3Predicted TDN values for CDS compared to assumed corn TDN.Table 3. Effect of WDGS inclusion on performance of growing steersPerformance CONWDGS, % InclusionSEMWDGS Effect10 20 30 40 Lin1 Quad2Initial BW, lb. 808 808 805 805 808 19 0.96 0.92Final BW, lb. 1,042 1,046 1,055 1,066 1,058 20 0.39 0.76DMI, lb./d 20.6d 22.0bcd 22.6abc 23.8a 22.7abc 0.6 <0.01 0.07ADG, lb./d 2.44bc 2.48abc 2.61ab 2.72a 2.61ab 0.09 0.05 0.37F:G 8.43a 8.87ab 8.66ab 8.75ab 8.68ab - 0.71 0.68TDN, %3 83 62.5 73.1 73.6 77.8 - - - 1Linear effect of WDGS2Quadratic effect of WDGS3Predicted TDN values for WDGS compared to assumed corn TDN.

Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles on Growing Steer Performance

UNL | Libraries

University of Nebraska - Lincoln
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports Animal Science Department
2018
Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles on Growing
Steer Performance
Benjamin H. Hansen
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Robert G. Bondurant
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, robby.bondurant@unl.edu
F. Henry Hilscher Hilscher
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, henry.hilscher@unl.edu
Galen E. Erickson
University of Nebraska - Lincoln, gerickson4@unl.edu
Jim C. MacDonald
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, jmacdonald2@unl.edu
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr
Part of the Large or Food Animal and Equine Medicine Commons, Meat Science Commons, and
the Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health Commons
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has
been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
Hansen, Benjamin H.; Bondurant, Robert G.; Hilscher, F. Henry Hilscher; Erickson, Galen E.; and MacDonald, Jim C., "Evaluation of
Corn Distillers Solubles on Growing Steer Performance" (2018). Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports. 982.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscinbcr/982
2018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report · 45 
©  The Board Regents of the University of  
Nebraska. All rights reserved.
29.7% DM, 30.2% CP, 5.4% fat, and 1.4% 
S. The nutrient profile of WDGS utilized 
in the study (Abengoa Ethanol, York, NE) 
contained 30.6% DM, 37.9% CP, 14.4% fat, 
and 0.8% S. All diets included 50% brome 
hay, 3% SoyPass® (LignoTech USA), 2% 
corn gluten meal (CGM), and 5% dry sup-
plement. SoyPass® and CGM were blended 
due to their complementarity in amino 
acid profiles to ensure rumen undegradable 
protein was sufficient to meet metabolizable 
protein (MP) requirement. Supplements 
were formulated to provide 200 mg/hd Ru-
mensin® (Elanco Animal Health). Urea was 
added at 0.65% diet DM for the control diet 
and 0.33% diet DM for both 10% inclusion 
of CDS and WDGS in order to meet rumen 
degradable protein requirement.
Data were analyzed using the MIXED 
procedure of SAS as a randomized com-
plete block design. Steer was the experi-
mental unit and BW block was analyzed as 
a fixed effect. Similar to previous research 
(2014 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 64– 66) net 
energy equations from the NRC (1996) 
were used to predict energy concentrations 
of the corn control diet based on observed 
performance parameters and then replaced 
using observed performance parameters 
for each CDS and WDGS diet to determine 
as well as wet distillers grains plus solubles 
being fed in forage- based diets and their 
effects on growing steer performance.
Procedure
A 96- d growing study utilizing 120 
crossbred steers (BW = 807 lb; SD = 66 lb) 
was conducted at the Eastern Nebraska 
Research and Extension Center feedlot, 
Mead, NE. Steers were limit fed a common 
diet at 2.0% BW for 5 days and weighed for 
three consecutive days to account for gut fill 
at the beginning and end of the trial. Steers 
were individually fed utilizing Calan gates, 
blocked by BW, and assigned randomly to 
treatment. Nine treatments were utilized 
with 13 steers/treatment, except for the 
basal control diet, which included 16 steers. 
Steers were implanted with Ralgro® (Merck 
Animal Health) on day 1.
Treatments consisted of increasing 
inclusion of CDS (10, 20, 30, and 40% DM) 
or WDGS (10, 20, 30, and 40% DM) plus 
a corn control diet with no by- product 
(Table 1). By- products (WDGS or CDS) 
replaced corn in the diets. The nutrient 
profile of CDS utilized in the study (Aurora 
Pacific Ethanol, Aurora, NE and Green 
Plains Ethanol, Wood River, NE) contained 
Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles  
on Growing Steer Performance
Benjamin H. Hansen
Robert G. Bondurant
F. Henry Hilscher
Galen E. Erickson
Jim C. MacDonald
Summary with Implications
A growing study evaluated increasing 
inclusions of corn distillers solubles (CDS) 
at 10, 20, 30, and 40%, or increasing wet 
distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) at 10, 
20, 30, and 40% compared to a corn control. 
Corn was replaced by CDS or WDGS in each 
forage- based diet. Increasing CDS resulted in 
a quadratic increase for both DMI and F:G. 
Increasing WDGS linearly increased both 
DMI and ADG with no effect on F:G. The 
energy value of CDS is less than that of corn, 
whereas WDGS had an energy value similar 
to corn in growing diets with 50% brome hay. 
A 73.7% TDN value was determined for CDS 
at 40% inclusion in forage- based diets.
Introduction
Forage- based diets containing corn dis-
tillers solubles (CDS) have similar F:G with 
93% the feeding value compared to corn 
(2016 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 29– 30). 
Whereas, CDS fed in high concentrate diets 
improve F:G with 147% the feeding value 
compared to corn (2018 Nebraska Beef 
Report pp. 94–96). Oil removal from CDS, 
in forage- based diets, minimally impacts 
F:G at 20% inclusions, with no effect at 40% 
inclusions (2013 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 
25– 26). Additionally, previous research on 
forage- based diets containing wet distillers 
grains plus solubles (WDGS) has suggested 
a TDN for WDGS of 113%. Using this TDN 
value, a feeding value was then calculated at 
137% the value of corn (2015 Nebraska Beef 
Report pp. 34– 35). Similar values are need-
ed for CDS. Therefore, the objective of this 
trial was to evaluate corn distillers solubles, 
Table 1. Dietary composition (DM basis) of treatments fed to yearling steers1
Ingredient CON
CDS, % Inclusion WDGS, % Inclusion
10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40
DRC 40 30 30 10 - 30 20 10 - 
CDS - 10 20 30 40 - - - - 
WDGS - - - - - 10 20 30 40
Brome Hay 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
SoyPass® 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
CGM 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Supplement2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Nutrient Composition, %
CP 13.3 13.8 16.0 18.1 20.3 14.6 17.5 20.4 23.4
Fat 3.16 3.30 3.41 3.51 3.61 4.20 5.20 6.19 7.19
1DRC=dry- rolled corn, CDS=corn distillers solubles, WDGS=wet distillers grains plus solubles, CGM=corn gluten meal.
2Urea was added at 0.65% for CON diet, 0.33% for 10% CDS diet, and 0.33% for 10% WDGS diet.
46 · 2018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report
pp. 64– 66), a 51.7, 55.2, 68.9, and 73.7% 
TDN value was determined for CDS in the 
10, 20, 30, and 40% CDS diets, respectively. 
The quadratic response of F:G indicates a 
negative associative effect between corn 
and CDS in forage- based diets. Data would 
conclude that the energy value of CDS is 
less than corn in forage- based diets.
As WDGS inclusion increased, DMI 
(P < 0.01) and ADG (P = 0.05) increased 
linearly (Table 3). As a result, no differences 
for F:G were observed as WDGS inclusion 
increased. The NRC model determined a 
77.8% TDN value for the 40% WDGS diet. 
These data disagree with previous research 
on distillers grains fed in forage- based diets, 
which observed a greater energy value for 
distillers grains compared to corn (2015 Ne-
braska Beef Report pp. 34– 35). It is unclear 
why WDGS did not outperform corn when 
MP requirement was met in all diets during 
this trial.
The energy value of CDS is less than 
corn in forage- based diets with reduction 
in F:G up to 18%. Feeding 40% CDS was 
calculated to have a TDN value of 73.7%, 
which is lower than corn (83%) in forage- 
based diets. The inclusion of WDGS in 
forage- based diets resulted in similar 
performance to corn, which does not agree 
with previous research indicating distillers 
grains (wet or dry) has a feeding value of 
136% compared to corn.
Benjamin H. Hansen, graduate student
Robert G. Bondurant, research technician
F. Henry Hilscher, research technician
Galen E. Erickson, professor, Animal 
Science, Lincoln
Jim C. MacDonald, associate professor, 
Animal Science, Lincoln
Results
Increasing inclusion of CDS quadrat-
ically increased DMI and F:G (P = 0.02) 
up to 20% CDS diet with similar ADG 
(P = 0.42) (Table 2). Since ADG was not 
different among CDS inclusions, yet DMI 
increased quadratically, all inclusions re-
sulted in greater F:G compared to the corn 
control. Feeding CDS resulted in a 12, 18, 14, 
and 11% reduction in F:G for the 10, 20, 30, 
and 40% inclusions of CDS, respectively. 
Utilizing the NRC model similar to previ-
ous research (2014 Nebraska Beef Report 
energy concentration of WDGS and CDS 
compared to corn for each diet. In order 
to do so, TDN values were applied for the 
control diet (DRC=83% and alfalfa=55%) 
and then NE adjusters were adjusted to 
match observed animal performance. Corn 
was then replaced with WDGS or CDS at 
each respective concentration and their 
TDN values were adjusted until each diet 
met their observed performance outcomes, 
respectively.
Table 2. Effect of CDS inclusion on performance of growing steers
Performance CON
CDS, % Inclusion
SEM
CDS Effect
10 20 30 40 Lin1 Quad2
Initial BW, lb. 808 805 807 809 808 19 0.95 0.96
Final BW, lb. 1,042 1,023 1,033 1,033 1,034 20 0.92 0.68
DMI, lb./d 20.6d 21.4cd 23.6ab 22.4abc 22.2abcd 0.6 0.04 0.02
ADG, lb./d 2.44bc 2.27c 2.36bc 2.33c 2.36bc 0.09 0.72 0.42
F:G 8.43a 9.43abc 10.00c 9.62bc 9.41abc - 0.07 0.02
TDN, %3 83 51.7 55.2 68.9 73.7 - - - 
1Linear effect of CDS
2Quadratic effect of CDS
3Predicted TDN values for CDS compared to assumed corn TDN.
Table 3. Effect of WDGS inclusion on performance of growing steers
Performance CON
WDGS, % Inclusion
SEM
WDGS Effect
10 20 30 40 Lin1 Quad2
Initial BW, lb. 808 808 805 805 808 19 0.96 0.92
Final BW, lb. 1,042 1,046 1,055 1,066 1,058 20 0.39 0.76
DMI, lb./d 20.6d 22.0bcd 22.6abc 23.8a 22.7abc 0.6 <0.01 0.07
ADG, lb./d 2.44bc 2.48abc 2.61ab 2.72a 2.61ab 0.09 0.05 0.37
F:G 8.43a 8.87ab 8.66ab 8.75ab 8.68ab - 0.71 0.68
TDN, %3 83 62.5 73.1 73.6 77.8 - - - 
1Linear effect of WDGS
2Quadratic effect of WDGS
3Predicted TDN values for WDGS compared to assumed corn TDN.


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Evaluation of Corn Distillers Solubles on Growing Steer Performance

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